Hip (Coxal) Joint

By: Hadil A. Elsayed

Hip Joint
Type: Multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint Articulation: The Hip Joint articulates between the hemispherical head of the femur and the cup-shaped acetabulum of the hip bone

Bones of the Hip Joint

Femur
Femoral Head Femoral Neck Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Intertrochanteric Crest Intertrochanteric Line Gluteal Tuberosity

Acetabulum

Acetabulum
Is the large cup-shaped cavity or socket on the lateral aspect of the hip bone Articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint The Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis join to form the acetabulum

Bones of the Hip Joint

Pelvic Girdle
Acetabulum 3 bones fused together
Ilium Ischium Pubis

Ilium
Iliac fossa Iliac Crest Iliac Tuberosity ASIS AIIS PSIS PIIS Gluteal Lines

Ischium
Ramus of ishium Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Lesser Sciatic Notch

Pubis
Superior Ramus of Pubis Inferior Ramus of Pubis Pubic Crest Pubic Tubercle Pectin Symphyseal Surface

Ligaments of the Hip Joint

Ligaments of the Hip Joint

Iliofemoral Ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ligamentun teres capitis femoris Transverse acetabular ligament

Illiofemoral ligament
-Also known as the Y ligament -Runs from the base of the AIIS to the intertrochantic line -Reinforces the fibrous capsule anteriorly -Strongest ligament in the hip -Prevents hyperextension of the hip during standing by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum

Pubofemoral ligament
-Runs from the anterior pubis ramus to the anterior surface of the intertrochantic fossa -Reinforces the fibrous capsule inferiorly and anteriorly -Tighten during abduction and extension -Prevents overabduction of the hip joint

Ischiofemoral ligament
-The ischial portion of the acetabulum and spirals to the neck of the femur and base of the greater trochanter -Prevents hyperextension of the hip -Fibers relaxed during flexion

Ligamentum teres
Known also as the ligament of the head of the femur Attaches to the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligament to the pit in the head of the femur Weak Supplies the blood for the femur head

Transverse acetabular ligament

A fibrous band that bridges the acetabular notch and converts it into a foramen Through it the nutrients vessels enter the joint

Hip Muscles
Anterior
Rectus Femoris Sartorius Iliopsoas Muscle Group
Iliacus Psoas Major

Hip Muscles
Posterior
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus

Hip Muscles
Medial
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Gracilus

Hip Muscles
Lateral
Gluteus Medius -Gluteus Minimus -Tensor Fascia Lata -Six Intrinsic External Rotators Periformis Quadratus Femoris Obturator Internus Obturator Externus Gemellua Superior Gemellus Inferior

Movement of the Hip Joint

Flexion
-Ilioposeas -Rectus femoris -Sartorius -Adductor muscles

Extension
-Gluteus maximus -Hamstring ms.

Lateral rotation:
-Pirifomis -Obturator internus and externu -superior and inferior gemelli -quadratus femoris -Gluteus maximus

Movement of the Hip Joint

Abduction:
-Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -Sartorius -Tensor fasciae latae -Piriformis

Adduction:

-adductor longus -brevise -adductor fibers of the adductor magnus Medial rotation: -Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus -tensor fasciae latae

COMMON INJURIES

Dislocation of the Hip (Traumatic or Congenital)

Femoral head moves out of the acetabulum Usually it goes posterior into notch Position: typically flexion, adduction, and internal rotation Common mechanism: knee to dashboard during traffic collision Signs and symptoms: extreme pain, obvious deformity, unwilling to move the extremity

Hip Joint Stability and Trendelenburgs Sign

The Stability of the hip Joint depends on: I. The Gluteus medius and minimus must be functioning normally II. The head of the femu must be located normally within the accetabulum III. The neck of the femur must be intact and must have a normal angle with the shaft of the femur

Hip Joint Stability and Trendelenburgs Sign

If any of the factors mentioned is defective, the pelvis will sink downward on the opposite, unsupported side. Then pt. then is said to exhibit a positive Trendelenburgs Sign

Hip Joint Stability and Trendelenburgs Sign

Arthritis of the Hip Joint (Osteoarthritis)

Arthritis of the Hip Joint (Osteoarthritis)

Most common disease of the Hip joint in Adults Signs & Symptoms: pain, stiffness, and deformity o Pain: maybe in the hip joint itself or referred to the knee o Stiffness: caused by the pain and refelx spasm of the surrounding ms. o Deformaty: flextion, adduction, and external rotation. Produced by ms. Spasm and later by ms. Contracture.