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CONTENTS
Introduction Embryological development Masticator space Origin, Course, Insertion, Relation Muscles of Mastication Fascia- Masseteric, Temporalis, Pterygoid Mandibular sling Buccinator Muscle Nerve supply Blood supply Actions & Group actions Applied Anatomy Conclusion References
EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPEMENT
MASTICATOR SPACE
(PARVIZ)
CONTENTS 4 Muscles of Mastication Ramus & Posterior portion of body of Mandible Fascia Masseteric , Pterygoid, Temporalis
MASSETER
Quadrilateral / Rectangular Covers lateral surface of Ramus of mandible 3 superimposed layers, that blend anteriorly. (PARVIZ JANFAZA)
ORIGIN,
MOST ANTERIOR FIBRES arises as a thick aponeurosis = Maxillary pocess of zygomatic bone(GRAYS) SUPERFICIAL (largest) = anterior 2/3 lower border, Zygomatic Arch
ORIGIN,
MIDDLE = anterior 2/3
posterior 1/3
deep surface & lower border zygomatic arch DEEP = posterior 1/3 deep surface zygomatic arch
Course of masseter
Superficial layer passes downwards& backwards at an angle of 45 degree Middle & Deep Layer pass vertically downwards
INSERTION,
SUPERFICIAL, = posterior lower , lateral surface, Ramus & angle of mandible MIDDLE = central part, lateral, Ramus DEEP
&
Middle & Deep layers together constitute the deep part of the masseter, refd to in the NOMINA ANATOMICA ( MacDougall ,1955 ); they form a cruciate muscle (GRAYS)
RELATIONS,
SUPERFICIAL - Skin - Platysma - Risorius - Zygomatic Major - Antr part,Parotid Gland - Parotid duct - Facial n, terminal brs - Transverse Facial vessels
DEEP
- Ramus - Lower part of Temporalis - Massetric n & a , reach the deep surface of m. by passing through the Dorsal part of Mandibular Incisure ANTERIORLY - Buccinator - Buccal n POSTERIORLY Parotid gland
Attaches, Zygomatic arch Lower border of Mandible Continues, Investing Cervical Fascia over Sternocleidomastoid m,
Extends deep & fuses with, Fascia of Posterior Belly of Digastric m. as Stylomandibular ligament.
Encircles, anteriorly- Ramus deep- Medial Pterygoid m. Fuses with, dense&tough superficial fascia covering parotid gland. Irregular septa into the gland.
TEMPORALIS
Fan shaped Fills Temporal Fossa ORIGIN, Bones forming Temporal fossa (excluding zygomatic bone) Temporal Fascia (deep surface)
Course,
Antr fibres- vertically downwards Postr fibres horizontally forwards Intermediate obliquely
-------- converge to form a tendon (TEMPORALIS TENDON) & pass thr gap b/w Zygomatic arch and side of the skull
INSERTION,
Coronoid Process, = deep (medial) surface + = margins (apex, anterior & posterior border) Ramus, anteromedial aspect, nearly to the last molar tooth
(GOSLING)
RELATIONS,
SUPERFICIAL -Skin -Auricularis anterior -Auricularis superior -Temporal branch-Facial n -Zygomatico temporal nerve -Superficial temporal a & v -Galea aponeurotica -Zygomatic arch -Masseter m
DEEP, -Temporalis fossa -Lateral pterygoid m -Superficial head, medial pterygoid m -Buccinator m -Maxillary artery -Deep temporalis n -Buccal vessels & n
TEMPORAL FASCIA
The most cranial extension of the Deep Cervical
Fascia Thick Fibrous Aponeurotic sheets, covers Temporalis Supr, single layered Superior Temporal Line Infr, splits into 2 layers inner&upper lips, upper bor, Zygo arch. Gap b/w 2, - Zygomatic br.of Superficial Temporal a. - Zygomaticotemporal n. Continues, Masseteric Fascia
LATERAL PTERYGOID
2 heads upper, small _ lower, large
ORIGIN
UPPER HEAD. = Infratemporal surface = Infratemporal crest of Greater Wing of Sphenoid LOWER HEAD = Lateral surface of Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Course,
INSERTION,
Pterygoid Fovea (a depression), on Anterior surface, Neck of mandible Anterior margin of, Articular disc & Capsule of TMJ
INSERTION,
Pterygoid Fovea (a depression), on Anterior surface, Neck of mandible Anterior margin of, Articular disc & Capsule of TMJ
Relations
key muscle of the region,because its relations provide a fair idea about the layout of structure in Infratemporal Fossa SUPERFICIAL 1.Ramus 2.Maxillary a 3.Tendon of temporalis 4.Masseter
DEEP
STRUCTURES EMERGING AT THE LOWER BORDER 1.Lingual n 2.Infr.Alveolar n 3.Middle Meningeal a STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE GAP BETWEEN 2 HEADS 1.Maxillary a 2.Mandibular n, Buccal br Pterygoid Plexus Of Veins Surround The Lateral Pterygoid
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
Quadrilateral Muscle 2 heads Superficial, small Deep, large
ORIGIN
Superficial - Tuberosity of Maxilla - Grooved surface (Lateral aspect)of Pyramidal process,Palatine bone Deep - Medial surface,Lateral Pterygoid Plate adjoining part of Pyramidal process,Palatine Bone
course
Incline obliquely, run Downwards_Backwards_Laterally
INSERTION
as a strong tendinous lamina, Roughened area on the Medial surface of Angle adjoining part of Ramus below Mandibular Foramen behind Mylohyoid Groove
RELATIONS
SUPERFICIAL (upper part)- seperates Lateral Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Plate Lingual Nerve Inf.Alveolar Nerve Superficial (lower part) seperates Ramus Lingual Nerve Inf. Alveolar Nerve Maxillary Artery Sphenomandibular Ligament
DEEP
Superior Constrictoranteriorly,tendinous band i.e. Pterygomandibular Raphe crossed by, Styloglossus m Stylopharyngeus m Stylohyoid ligament Glossopharyngeal n. Gap b/w upper border of superior constrictor & base of skull Tensor palati Levator palati Anterior to Tensor palati, Medial Pterygoid plate (I. Singh)
PTERYGOID FASCIA
Encases both Pterygoid muscles and attaches to the Stylomandibular Ligament Between the sphenoid spine and the lingula of the mandible facial condensation to form the sphenomandibular ligament The terminal part of this facia between the sphenoid spine and the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid muscle is called the pterygospinous ligament
MANDIBULAR SLING
Mac Conaill (1975) the most superficial fibres of masseter are continuous at the lower border of the mandible with the attachment of the medial pterygoid m. The attachments of the medial pterygoid & the masseter muscle provide a muscular sling that suspends the angle of the of the jaw.
Buccinator muscle
Which assists in chewing by helping ( to keep food b/w upper & lower teeth) & (away from the cheeks) Is not classified as Muscle of Mastication as it does not move the mand (Mc Minns )
MOTOR NERVE INNERVATIONS, 5TH Cranial Nerve, Mandibular br. -Masseteric N -Antr & Postr Deep Temporal N Lat.Pterygoid -N to Lat.Pterygoid Med.Pterygoid- N to Med. pterygoid MasseterTemporalis-
Blood Supply
MAXILLARY ARTERY
(second part)
ACTION, MASSETER
ACTION, TEMPORALIS
( Hannam )