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SPI 0601.1.1 . . . verbs (including agreement with the subject in person and number, action verbs that take objects, linking verbs, helping verbs, verb phrases, verb tenses, regular and irregular verb forms) . .. SPI 0601.1.2 Recognize and correct usage errors (e.g., double negatives, troublesome words {to/too/two, their/there/theyre, its/its, sit/set, lie/lay, affect/effect, may/can, leave/let, teach/learn, accept/except, capitol/capital, principle/principal, between/among}).
What is a verb?
Verbs are words that describe:
an action
Bill hopped, skipped, and ran down the street.
a state
Her name is Sally. She has 3 brothers and a sister. or
an occurrence/happening
Snow glistened on the tree tops. The blackout occurred after midnight.
Helping Verbs
Helping verbs are words that help the main verb. They have no meaning on their own. Helping verbs are needed to make the sentence grammatically correct. Examples: Peter is going to town. Jane would have gone, but she didnt have a ride.
Helping Verbs! Helping Verbs! There are 23.... Am, is are! Was and were! Being, been, and be! Have, has, had! Do, does, did! Shall, should, will, and would! There are 5 more helping verbs: may, might, must, can, and could!
Helping Verbs
may might must be being been am are is was were do does did should could would have had has will can shall
(main)
(main)
(main)
Practice
Student Packet page 81.
Helping Verb Main Verb
has
gone
had
eaten
Regular Verbs
Regular verbs will show past tense by adding ed.
Today I walk to town. Yesterday I walked to town.
Rules
Some regular verbs vary slightly in spelling, but basically still follow the pattern. For example If a verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant (VC), and the vowel has a strong stress, the final consonant is doubled before adding -ed or -ing. stop stopped stopping OR If the verb ends in -e, drop the e before adding ed or -ing. hope hoped hoping
OR If the verb ends in a consonant plus y (Cy), we change the y to i and add -es or -ed. In the case of -ing, we do not change the y. study studied - studying
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs do not follow the rules, and must be memorized. On the next 5 slides you will see some irregular verbs. Dont worry. You have heard these your whole life. Most you will just know.
Present be
become
begin blow break bring build burst buy
became
began blew broke brought built burst bought
become
begun blown broken brought built burst bought
burst
catch choose come cut deal do drink
burst
caught chose came cut dealt did drank
burst
caught chosen come cut dealt done drunk
Present
drive eat fall feed feel fight find
Past
drove ate fell fed felt fought found
Past Participle
driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found
fly
forbid forget forgive freeze
flew
forbade forgot forgave froze
flown
forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen
get
give go grow have
got
gave went grew had
gotten
given gone grown had
hear hide hold hurt keep know lay lead leave let lie lose make meet pay quit read ride
heard hid held hurt kept knew laid led left let lay lost made met paid quit read rode
heard hidden held hurt kept known laid led left let lain lost made met paid quit read ridden
run say see seek sell send shake shine sing sit sleep speak spend spring stand steal swim swing
ran said saw sought sold sent shook shone sang sat slept spoke spent sprang stood stole swam swung
run said seen sought sold sent shaken shone sung sat slept spoken spent sprung stood stolen swum swung
wear
win write
wore
won wrote
worn
won written
Practice
Page 91 1. Past participle of to begin had begun 2. Past participle of to leave had left Page 93 1. Past participle of to sit had sat 2. Past participle of to grow had grown
Practice
Page 95 1. That toilet has (broke, broken) again. 2. A credit card was (stolen, stole) from his wallet. Page 97 1. The tomato plant has (grew, grown) very large. 2. Marty had (came, come) to the party early. 3. We could have (swam, swum) for another hour.
Lay (to place something, to set something down) lay, laid, laid, laying
Today I lay the book on the counter. Yesterday I laid the book on the counter. Many times I have laid the book on the counter. Yesterday I was laying the book on the counter when Mom came home. Laying books on the kitchen counter is against the rules in my house.
Americans use the words lie and lay incorrectly so often that your ear has trouble telling you which is correct. Here are a few tips to help you keep these words straight.
Tip
Remember the verb lay works just like to say and to pay. Those verbs are irregular, but they arent confusing. Today I say that I pay; yesterday I said that I paid; many times I have said that I have paid. To lay works the same. lay, laid, laid
Tip 2
Nobody says that hens lie eggs. We all get that one correct: hens lay eggs. Those hens are mighty busy! Just visualize in your mind how active and busy those hens are. Lay is an active, busy word. When youre doing something active (laying down your backpack, laying a new rug on the floor), lay is the word you want.
Tip 3
Remember that lie is a quiet word. Heres a silly ditty you can use to remind yourself of that (notice all the eye sounds): At night, I turn out my light and lie. Whether its on you sofa, on your beach towel, or on your bed, if you are quietly reclining, youre lying never laying.
Tip 4
Substitute the word place or the word put. If the sentence sounds right, lay is the word you want. If it doesnt sound right, lie is the word you want. Does it sound right to say that you place the book on the table? Yes, so its correct to say that you lay the book on the table. Does it sound right to say you place in your bed at night? No, so its correct to say that you lie in your bed at night.
Troublesome Verbs
Present Present Participle
"to be"
Past
Past Participle
Future
To lie
she lies
she is lying
she lay
To lay
To sit
She is laying
he is sitting
To set
he sets (it)
he is setting
he set (it)
Direct Object
In the next assignment you will be crossing out prepositional phrases and identifying direct objects. Remember A prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. subject + verb + what? or who? = direct object
Practice
Page 109 DO 1. A surfer (lay, laid) his board on the sand. 2. My grandfather (sits, sets) by a stream during fishing season. Page 111 2. Jenny is (laying, lying) in the sun without a hat. 3. That lady always (sits, sets) in the sun without a hat.)
Linking Verbs
Linking verbs are words that connect the subject to additional information about the subject. Linking verbs connect the subject to a predicate noun or predicate adjective. Examples George Washington became the first president. Paul is nine years old.
Linking Verbs
The most common linking verb is the verb to be. Other common linking verbs are forms of
to become to seem to appear to look to feel to sound to taste to smell
Practice
Page 125 PA 1. The sky is cloudy. cloudy sky
2.
PA
Page 131 was 1. __L___ The fudge became sticky. was 2. __L___ The floor behind the stove grew dirty. 3. __A___ I walked to the store.
Practice
Page 133 is 1. __L___ Our cat seems sick.
was
Subject/Verb Agreement
Subjects and verbs must work together. They must agree. A verb that ends in a single -s, -es, or -ies is used with a singular noun.
Examples
Singular Subject
Little Bear
Singular Verb
bellows
Omri
Fire Patrick
shares
glows fixes
A verb that does not end in a single s, es, or ies is used with a plural noun.
Examples
Plural Subject
a cowboy and his horse
Plural Verb
bellow
cowboys
The two fires Patricks parents
share
glow fix
Brain Pop
Watch the Brain Pop movie, then try the quiz. http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/s ubjectverbagreement/
Practice
Page 137 1. A guide (lives, live) in those mountains. 2. Margo (stays, stay) with her grandmother. Page 139 1. The dog (bark, barks) throughout the night. 2. This document (is, are) very important.
Practice
Page 143 1. His friends (sit, sits) beside me on the bus. 2. Gold miners (search, searches) for gold in the Superstition Mountains.
Practice
Page 141 1. Those trains (travel, travels) through a tunnel. DO 2. Some cooks (make, makes) lasagna without meat.
Terry rollerskates to his friends house. Terry rollerskated with his sister. Tonight, Terry will rollerskate around the park.
Practice
Page 153 1. _present__ These girls swim in the ocean. 2. _future___ Mom will swim twenty laps. 3. _past____ My cousin swam on a high school team.
Practice
Page 155 1. Past tense of to decide ___decided___ 2. Present tense of to choose _choose, chooses__