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Shale Matrix

Dry Clay

Porosity

Silt

B. Water

CTN
Kaolinite ~ 37

ROHB
2.41

Chlorite Illite

~ 52
~ 30 ~ 60

2.76
2.52 2.12

Momtmorillonite

DGR (Dual Gamma Ray) Sensor


Formation Borehole A B

Drill Collar
Two Banks of Geiger-Mueller Tubes

Gamma Ray Detectors

K Th
DGR Insert calibrated inside the collar. No collar attenuation factor needed

PCG Configuration

Electronics

Scintillation Detector

Single Scintillation Detector

Gamma Module (GM) Configuration

Electronics

Gamma Bank C

Gamma Bank B

Gamma Bank A

Each Bank contains 4 Geiger-Mueller Tubes

Azimuthal Gamma Ray (AGR)


~2 X DGR Count Rate Azimuthal Sensitivity: 11:1

5/8 DIA X 4 LG CRYSTAL

PMT

PRE-AMP

Geo-Pilot Azimuthal Gamma Ray


Accelerometer Package and Temp Sensor Scintillator Processor

120

120

120

Scintillator

1m

Scintillator

Pressure e Sleeve

EWR Development History


EWR (1983)
The First MWD Propagation Resistivity Tool

EWR-Phase 4 (1991)
The First Multi-Spacing MWD Propagation Resistivity Tool

EWR-M5
The First Three-Frequency MWD Propagation Resistivity Tool Five Spacing with True Geometrical Compensation

EWR-Phase 4
1 MHz Transmitter 2 MHz Transmitters Near Receiver Far Receiver 6

39

27

15 9 Measure Point

Operates in all mud types


Four phase-shift resistivity curves Four attenuation resistivity curves Excellent vertical resolution in low-resistivity, thinly-bedded formations

Resistivity High Low

Conductivity Low High

Velocity Fast Slow

Wavelength Long Short

Phase Shift Small Large

4-3/4AFR Tool

2 transmitters (3 frequencies) 3 rows with 3 electrodes each Rat B measurement

4-3/4 AFR Tool Measurements*


31.5

11.5
51.5

*Excluding the bit resistivity measurement

Depth of Investigation: 4-3/4 AFR Tool


15'' 14'' 13'' 12'' 11''

Depth of Investigation vs Tx-Rx Separation AFR 4

Depth of Investigation

10'' 9'' 8'' 7'' 6'' 5'' 4'' 3'' 2'' 1'' 0'' 0'' 10'' 20'' 30'' 40'' 50'' 60'' 70''

DOI @ PGF=0.5 Rt=100 Ohmm Rxo=10 Ohmm Rmud=0.02 Ohmm RingThickness=1'' ToolDIA=5.25'' BoreDIA=6.25'' Tx-Rx=11.5'' Tx-Rx=31.5'' Tx-Rx=51.5''

80''

90''

Tx-Rx Distance

Mud Filtrate Invasion

Drilling

Spiraled or CorkScrew BoreHole

Polarization Horns

Density Tool SLD & ALD

Wireline Density Tool

SLD (Stabilized Lithology Density) Tool


Cesium 137 Source Low Density Windows Stabilizer

Tungsten Shield

Near Detector

Far Detector

Tungsten Bore Liner

Cross Section of MWD Density Tool in an Enlarged Borehole


Stand-Off Formation Window in Stabilizer Blade Scintillation Detector Pressure Housing Mud Mud Drill Collar

Stabilizer Blade

Neutron & SLD Source Installed in Drill Collar


Bull Plug O-Ring SpiraLock Thread

Source Port Insert Retaining Ring Drill Collar DoublyEncapsulated Neutron Source

Azimuthal Lithodensity (ALD)


Acoustic Standoff Cs137 Source Low-Density Windows Stabilizer

Azimuthal Magnetometer Package

Tungsten Shield

Near Tungsten Far Detector Detector Bore Liner

Electronics

Bin 16 Bin 15

Bin 1 Bin 2 Bin 3

Bin 14

Bin 13

Bin 4

Bin 12 Bin 11 Bin 10 Bin 9 Bin 8 Bin 7

Bin 5 Bin 6

Compensated Thermal Neutron Tool

CTN (Compensated Thermal Neutron)


Helium 3 neutron near and far detectors Integrated triaxial caliper Tool sizes: 4-3/4, 6-3/4 and 8 inches

Interpretation

Shale Points

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