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pen valves at proper time & guide their closure But they are inflexible except VTEC & VVT-I Engineers could not vary timing, lift & duration of valve opening infinitely
CAMLESS ENGINES Eliminated mechanical linkages Could provide infinite variation of valve parameters It can make engines clean, efficient & responsive
The crankshaft turns camshaft which operates valves by mechanism as in figure Spring brings back valve to initial position Timing of engine valves depends on shape of cams
Engineers must design cams in the development stages This design compromises b/n engine power & fuel efficiency Considering this compromise automobile companies brought variable valve timing mechanisms But is effects were limited
Main sensors Engine load sensor Exhaust gas sensor Valve position sensor Engine speed sensor
SENSORS
ACTUATORS
Sensors sense parameters & send signals to ECU ECU contains microprocessors with associated software This ECU controls the actuators to work according to requirements
It is a electro-hydraulic camless valve train (ECV) Uses elastic property of compressed hydraulic fluid which acts like a liquid spring, accelerates & decelerates the valves
Hydraulic pendulum
Involves conversion of PE to KE and back to PE with minimum energy loss During acceleration of valves PE is converted to KE During deceleration of valve energy of moving valve is returned to fluid
Lift, timing & duration of valve opening is varied by controlling solenoid valves This is done by ECU when signals are sent from the sensors
Used to impart Unequal lift to the paired valves Zero motion to any valve
Offers continuously variable & independent control of all aspects of valve motion - lift, operation duration, event of opening ECV system can control valve velocity, valve acceleration and deceleration
Better fuel economy- 7 to 10 % increase Higher torque & power- 10 to 15 % increase Lower exhaust emissions- EGR system is eliminated since EGR effect occurs on its own & thus reduces NOx emissions Reduction in size & weight
Opening & closing of valves requires some powerElectromechanical- alternator Electrohydraulic- accumulator Sophisticated electronic control required for gentle seating of valves Current solenoids cannot run at high rpms; Hidden cost of microprocessor & software controls
Even though some disadvantages are present, we can expect electrohydraulic & electromechanical valves to replace the conventional camshaft technology.