DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ANDHRA PRADESH

Name Designation Branch Institution Year/semester Subject Sub. Code Topic : B. Appa Rao M.E., : Lecturer : Civil Engineering : M.R.A.G.R.G.P.T, Vizianagaram. : I Year : Surveying-I : C-105 : Classification and principles of surveying : Concept & Purpose of Surveying : 50 minutes : Figures
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Sub-Topic Duration Teaching Aids

Objectives:
Upon completion of this topic you would be able to understand
The concept of Surveying The purpose of Surveying

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Map

Fig.1 States and union territories

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Map

Fig.2 Districts map

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Plan
N

M.R.A.G.R. GOVT.,POLYTECHNIC VIZIANAGARAM CAMPUS LAYOUT PLAN

PVG BLOCK = 1625 Sqm MAIN BLOCK = 1808 Sqm WORK SHOPS = 1247 Sqm HOSTEL = 1077 Sqm TOTAL BUILT UP AREA = 5757 Sqm TOTAL EXTENT OF LAND = 15 Acrs

Fig.1 Campus layout plan

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Contd

How do you prepare these maps & plans?

By determining horizontal distances

By determining vertical heights

By determining relative positions of points on ground

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Surveying
Definition: The art of determining the relative positions of points

On the surface of the earth in horizontal or vertical plane.

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Contd

It also includes the art of establishing points on the surface of the earth

By predetermined angular and linear measurements.

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Contd

Earlier days surveying refers to land surveying only

Actually every engineering project needs surveying

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Levelling
Branch of surveying

The art of determining or establishing the relative heights or elevations of different points on the surface of the earth

This you will learn in subsequent chapters

In general the term surveying includes levelling

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Some of Engineering Projects which need Surveying

Water supply Rail roads Irrigation schemes Transmission lines Bridges

Buildings
Mines
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Objective of Surveying
To prepare map (or) Plan So that it represents the area on a horizontal plane

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Plan & Map

A plan (or)

Map

Is horizontal projection of an area

And shows only horizontal distances of the points

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Contd
Plan Map Large Area Small Scale Ex: Map of India, Andhra Pradesh etc.,

Small Area
Large Scale

Ex: Plan of Buildings,

Bridges etc.

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Purpose of Surveying
To take measurements to determine the relative positions of existing features on the ground

To establish position of proposed structure on the ground

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Contd
To determine areas, volumes and other related quantities

To prepare maps and detailed plans

To prepare topographical maps showing the details of hills, valleys and rivers

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Summary
We have discussed
Concept of surveying

Maps and plans

Object and need of surveying

Purpose of surveying
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Quiz
1. Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth in

a) Horizontal plane

b) Vertical plane

c) Both a & b

d) None of the above

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Contd 2. The object of surveying is to prepare a) Map

b) Plan c) Both a & b d) None of the above

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Contd
3. Which engineering project needs surveying a) Water supply

b) Irrigation schemes c) Buildings & bridges d) All the above

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Contd 4. The purpose of surveying is a) To establish position of proposed structure on the ground b) To prepare maps and detailed plans c) To determine areas, volumes and other related quantities d) All the above
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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Define surveying and write its object.

2.

Write the purpose of surveying.

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