PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

Group member
Steparies Martin
Zita Dewi L.R.M Robert
Critically appraise the role and scope of
scientifically based methods in the
management of large complete project.
 Scientifically method

Gantt Chart
Activity On Arrow (AOA) and Activity On Node
(AON)
- time analysis and Critical path method (CPM)
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Resource Leveling
Project Time and Cost Minimization
Gantt Chart

Provide a graphical illustration of a schedule that

helps to plan, coordinate and track specific task in a
project.
Display task as time bars positioned along a
horizontal time scale and one that indicates to
project milestone with the help of indicator.
 Advantage and disadvantage of Gantt
chart

Advantage
 Give earliest completion date

 Provide a schedule of earliest possible start and finish time

activities.

Disadvantage
Give only earliest or latest possible schedule
Does not show whether the project is behind schedule.
Does not clarify the effect of delays in any one activity on
the start of another activity, thus the project completion
time.
 Activity On Arrow (AOA)
Knows as arrow-diagram, displays areas for two
distinct purpose. That is, the areas of the project
network represent both the activity and precedence
relations between activity.

Activity On Node (AON)

 A tools to plan and analysis project, using
rectangles (nodes) to represent activity.
 Advantage and disadvantage of AOA and
AON

Advantage
Display logical relationship among various activity in project
Helps the project manager see how the various activity flow towards
completion in chronological orders.
Its provide how resource are utilized in a project for a given time period
which could help the manager to perform resource leveling if necessary.

Disadvantage
 Network diagram also do not clearly show time line for a project.
 Large networks require dedicated maintenance and analysis.
 Network diagram do not lead themselves to easy reproduction /
distribution.
 Tools and system can be expensive to acquire and maintain.
 Time analysis and Critical Path Method
(CPM)

 To determine the expected time of project

complete
 Determine the critical path on the project.
 Used to formulate a times frame for project in
order to determine where potential delays are
most likely to occur.
 The process include step-by-step process that
provide the developer with a visual representation
of potential bottleneck throughout course of the
project
 advantage and disadvantage of Time
Analysis and Critical Path Method
(CPM)
Advantage
 Helpful for scheduling, monitoring and controlling project.
 Shows the activities and outcome as a network.
 Determine slack and float times.
 Can define multiple or equally critical path.

Disadvantage
 Can be complicated and complexity increase for large
project.
 Dose not handle the scheduling of personal or the allocation
of resources.
 Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT)

A statistical technique applied to a network

schedule, which allows for the randomness
in task completion times.
Calculate the range of possible completion
times and probability of meeting deadlines.
 Advantage and disadvantage of PERT

Advantage
 Expected project completion time.
 Determine the probability of completion before a specified
date.
 Determine the critical path activities that directly impact the
completion time.

Disadvantage
 The activity times are somewhat subjective and depend on
judgment.
 Even the activity times are well estimate, PERT assumes a
beta distribution for the actual distribution may be different.
 Resource leveling

To minimize the cost or main power resourcing.

Advantage and disadvantage of Resource

Leveling
Advantage
To supervise and monitoring the necessity of labor usage at the
specific task. In this way, the project manager somehow will manage
to reduce the cost of main power.
Disadvantage
 Is hard to minimize the main power for a large scale of completion
project.
 Project Time Reduction and Cost Minimization

Reducing the total project time that will be considered

here is the reduction of critical activity durations by
increasing resource.

Advantage and disadvantage of Project Time

Reduction and Cost Minimization
Advantage
 To minimize the total project cost.
 To reduce the duration of a critical path in project.
Disadvantage
 A new critical path will appears
 Other method that should be consider;

Qualitative skill among the project manager.

 Involve an in depth understanding of human

behaviors and the reasons that govern human
resource behavior.
 They have to understand the reasons behind
various aspects of behavior.
 The characteristic

Interpersonal skill
Responsible for the coordinating the effort of the technical staff
assigned to the project.
Organizational skill
To keep project on schedule and budget
Communication skill
Must be able to clearly communicate
Problem solving skill
Must be able to effectively handle the situations so they don’t get out of
control.
Team building
 Creating a team atmosphere where the team believe that
Flexibility and creativity
 Using the “project manager toolbox” effectively will assist in delivering
a successful project.

Knowledgeable
Project manager must be knowledgeable about the business and
technical aspect of the project.
Leadership skill
Project manager must build authority through appropriate leadership.
Trustworthiness
The project manager must have the trust of all the stakeholder involve
in the project.
Conclusions

The usage of scientifically method such as Gantt

chart, AOA, AON, PERT, and Project time reduction
and cost minimization are compulsory in order to get
the large project completed timely.
Other than that, a project manager of an project
should consider their ability on qualitative skill that
they have, to make sure the project completion
development will go smootly.
Cost factor is another agenda that needs to be
highlighted and it is need to be tackle thoroughly in
order to reduce the unnecessary cost incurs.