A SEMINAR ON

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
DESIGN OF SHOPPING MALL AT PUNE BY PRAKASH S. KAMBLE

CONSULTANT PROFILE

PRABHA CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PUNE. Principal Consultant: Mr. ASHOK MORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER. Mr. ASHOK MORE has completed his M.E. from Govt Engg College, Aurangabad. He started his firm in year 1995 PRABHA Consulting Engineers has undertaken several prestigious works of both Government and Private sectors. Currently PRABHA Consulting Engineers is a Structural Consultant of projects which include Multistory apartments, School Buildings, Hospitals, Residential buildings, Industrial Building, etc.

INTRODUCTION
The structural design is an art and science of designing with the elegance and economy, safe serviceable and a durable structure.

The designed structure should be strong enough to withstand all types of loads coming without excessive deformations or deflections and should be stable under largest stipulated loads

VARIOUS STEPS INVOLVED IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Structural

planning

Estimation

of loads

Analysis

of structure

Design

of structural elements

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF STRUCTURE

PROJECT: PROPOSED SHOPPING MAAL AT PUNE. CLIENT: M/S MILLENNIUM PROJECT, AUSA.

SOFTWARE USED: STAADPro.2006

The figures show the typical plan and elevation of the residential building. The dimensions of the building are as followsLength - 15.00m

Breadth - 19.00 m
Height - 17.50 m The SHOPING MALL

Materials used :
Grade of Concrete Aggregate Steel reinforcement = M: 25 (Concrete design Mix as per IS: 456-2000) = 20mm and down size. = Grade Fe- 415 conforming to IS: 1786-1985

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS :
Column Beams & Slabs Floor to Floor Height COVER TO REINFORCEMENT - Concrete Mix M: 25 - Concrete Mix M: 20 - 4m As per IS: 456-2000.

DESIGN LOADS : The following loads are considered for the design 1. 2. 3. Dead Load Imposed Load - 3 KN/m2. Earthquake Load For Seismic Zone III Damping co-efficient Table-2 Table-6 Table-7 Zone factor (Z) Importance Factor (I) =5% = 0.16 = 1.00 IS: 875 (PartII) 1987 IS: 1893 (Part I) 2002

Response Reduction Factor (R) = 5.0

BASIC LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

DL LL EQX EQZ WLX+VE WLX-VE WLZ+VE WLZ-VE

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1.5DL+1.5LL 1.5EQX+1.5DL -1.5EQX+1.5DL 1.5EQZ+1.5DL -1.5EQZ+1.5DL 1.2EQX+1.2DL+0.3LL -1.2EQX+1.2DL+0.3LL 1.2EQZ+1.2DL+.3LL

16 1.2EQZ+1.2DL+.3LL 17 -1.2EQZ+1.2DL+0.3LL 18 1.5WLX++1.5DL 23 1.2WLX-+1.2DL+1.2LL 20 1.5WLZ++1.5DL 21 1.5WLZ-+1.5DL 22 1.2WLX++1.2DL+1.2LL 19 1.5WLX-+1.5DL 25 1.2WLZ-+1.2DL+1.2LL 24 1.2WLZ++1.2DL+1.2LL

26 .9DL+1.5EQX 27 .9DL-1.5EQX 28 .9DL+1.5EQZ 29 .9DL-1.5EQZ 30 .DL+.25LL

DESIGN METHODOLOGY :
All structural members - Limit State Method IS: 456-2000 Appropriate loads and its combinations - as per relevant clauses in Code IS: 456-2000 Code IS: 875 (Part-V) 1987

Materials

Steel Plain Concrete Reinforced Concrete Soil Water

Unit Weight in KN/m3 78.50 24.00 25.00 18.00 10.00

DESIGN OF SLABS

1 Floor Slab Design:

SLAB MARK Grade of concrete, Fck Grade of steel, Fy Thickness of the slab Clear cover Adopt bar diameter Effective depth, de Design live load Finish load Self weight of slab S2 = = = = = = = = = 20 415 150 20 10 125 3.65 10 3.75 Mpa Mpa mm mm mm mm KN/m KN/m KN/m

Total design load

Clear short span of the slab Effective shor span = Lx Clear long span of the slab

=
say = = =

17.4
18 4 4.125 5

KN/m
KN/m m ( Cl.22.2, IS:456m2000)

Effective long span = Ly

5.125

Ref. Table 26, IS:456-2000 Aspect ratio = Ly/Lx = as per IS 456 Table 25 Considering Case 4 - ve x + ve x -ve y +ve y In X Direction +ve Moment mid span Area of steel required in mid span= Use bar of diameter Spacing of 10 mm dia rods However, provide a spacing Area of steel provided= In Y Direction +ve Moment mid span Area of steel required in mid span= Use bar of diameter Spacing of 10 mm dia rods However, provide a spacing Area of steel provided=

1.24

0.060 0.045 0.047 0.035

13.783 499.8 10 157.15 150 523.6

KNm mm2 mm mm mm mm2

10.7 380.5 10 206.41 200 392.7

kNm mm2 mm mm mm mm2 AS PER SP-16 CHAT NO 40

Check for Deflection :

Percentage main steel provided = Basic span / Overall depth ratio = Cl24.1,IS:456-2000 Modification factor, per fig.4, IS:456-2000 0.419 33 %

Service stress in steel, Fs =

Modification factor, per fig.4, IS:456-2000,k1 = Hence Permissible span/depth ratio = Actual span/depth ratio =

229.75
1.4 46.2 41.00 Satisfies deflection Criterion <46.2

DEFLECTION CALCUTION 5*WL^4/384*EI Allowable deflection =Leff/325 9.470 12.692 HENCE SAFE! mm mm

DESIGN OF BEAMS

Beam No.:
Compressive Strength of Concretre Tensile Strength of Steel Breadth Depth Eff Depth Moment Mu/bd2 Percentage of Tensile Reinf Percentage of Comp. Reinf ( kN-m )

404
Fck Fy B D d M Pt Pc 25 415 230 620 570 Left Support 25 0.335 0.1 0 N/mm2 N/mm2 mm mm mm Mid Span 106 1.418 0.433 0 Right Support 25 0.335 0.1 0

Area of Steel in Tension

Area of Steel in Comp. Dia of Bars area of steel Say No.of bars reqd. in Asc Say (mm) (mm2)

(mm2)
(mm2)

Ast
Asc # ast

131.1
0 12 113.04

567.663
0 16 200.96

131.1
0 12 113.04

No.of bars reqd. in Ast

1.160
2 0 0

2.825
3 0 0

1.160
2 0.00 0

Provided Steel at Top

2 - 12 #

2 - 12 #

2 - 12 #

Provided Steel at Top

2 - 16 #

3 - 16 #

2 - 16 #

Shear Check

Shear Force Refering S.P 16(Tab- 61,62) Design Shear Strength of Conc.. Shear Capacity Of Conc. (Tcbd) Balance Shear Vus/d

Vu

92

0.1

92

Tc Vuc Vus

0.29 38.019 53.981 0.947035088 0 0.1

0.29 38.019 53.981 0.947035088

Stirrups Spacing

8 # @ 200 mm

8 # @ 250 mm 8 # @ 200 mm

DESIGN OF COLUMN

Column No:

154 Ground Floor

As per STAAD Refer 138 Member Properties Length of Column about Z Length of Column about Y Depth of column Section ( YD) Width of Column section ( ZD) Effective Length Factor for Bending about Y Effective Length Factor for Bending about Z Clear Cover to Sec. Reinforcement Bar Diameter (stirrup) Bar Diameter ( Main steel) Effective Cover Forces Axial Force Moment about Major axisa ( MZ) Moment about Minor axis ( My)

5000 mm 4000 mm 620 mm 230 mm 1 1 25 mm 12 mm 25 mm 49.5 mm Factored 483.86 KN 232 KNm 0 KNm

Material Properties
Concrete Steel M25 Fe415

Axis about which minimum eccentricity moment is to be considered Enter 1 for about major axis ( Z) 2 for about minor axis 3 for about both the axis

Calculation of Total Design Forces ( Kn-m)

Design Axial Load on Column 484 KN About Z 232 30.6666667 14.838 8.065 3.619 1.196 4.330 236.330

Initial Moments ( KN-M) Min. Eccentricity (mm) Moments Due to Min. Eccentricity ( Kn-m) Slenderness Ratios Slenderness Moments ( Kn-M) Moment Reduction Factors Additional Moments ( Kn-M)

About Y 0 20 9.677 17.391 16.830 1.067 17.962 27.640

Calculation of Axial Load at Balance Point ( Pb)

% Steel p p/fck d'/D (k1)z (k2)z d'/b (k1)y (k2)y Puz ( Pb)z (Pb)y 4.230 0.16919658 0.08 0.212 0.3664 0.22 0.184 0.028 3481.6658 976.07 672.85

Check for adequacy of section

Pu/Puz p/fck Pu/fckbD Muz1/fckbD2 Muz1 Muy1/fckDb2 Muy1 an (Muz/Muz1)an (Muy/Muy1)an

(Muz/Muz1)an + ( Muy/Muy1) an Area of Steel Reqd Area of Steel % steel Spacing of stirrups 16x dia of main bar least lateral dimension Provide spacing of stirrups

0.139 0.169 0.136 1.100 2431.330 1.090 893.746 0.898 0.123 0.044
0.167 6031.858 mm2 Provide 6031.86 mm2 4.230 Safe

256 mm 230 mm 180 mm

CONCLUSIONS :
1. The industrial training helped me to get an exposure into the industry. 2. The use of different softwares helped me to get practice in using them such as STAAD-Pro, AutoCAD and MS-Excel which seemed to be mostly used. 3. A general idea about the organizational setup of a structural design firm and how to interact with co-workers and clients were also obtained.

4. In spite of working experience, a general idea of how to implement theory into

practice was obtained during training. 5. Also the need to be clear in the fundamentals of structural analysis and design found to be very important. 6. The training helped me to learn STAADPro, importance of IS codes used in structural engineering, precise detailing work and how to deal with the consultancy work.

REFERENCES :
SP 16 Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456:1978, Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.

SP 34 Hand book on concrete reinforcement and detailing,

Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi. Shah H. J Reinforced Concrete Design, Charotor Publication, vol

1,2.
Shah V. L and Karve S.R Limit State Theory and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structural publications, Pune 2003. Shah V. L and Karve S.R Illustrated Design of Reinforced Concrete Building Structural publications, Pune 2007. Duggal S. K Design of steel structures Punmia B. C, Jain and Jain Design of steel structures

Code
IS: 875(Part-I) - 1987

Description
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building and StructuresUnit Weight of Building Materials and Stored Material.

IS: 875(Part-II) - 1987

IS: 875(Part-III) -1987 IS: 875(Part-IV) - 1987 IS: 456 - 2000 IS: 1893(Part-I) -2002 IS: 1786 - 1985 IS: 13920 - 1993 IS: 1904

Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building and StructuresImposed loads.
Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building & StructuresWind Load. Codes of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building & StructuresSpecial Loads and Load Combinations. Code of practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistance Design of Structures. Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars & Wires For Concrete Reinforcement. Ductile Detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces-code of practice. Indian Standard Code of practice for Design & Construction foundations in Soil: General Requirements.

Code
IS: 800 IS: 875(Part-I) - 1987

Description
Indian Standard Code of Practice for general construction in steel Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building and Structures-Unit Weight of Building Materials and Stored Material. Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building and Structures-Imposed loads. Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building & StructuresWind Load. Codes of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building & StructuresSpecial Loads and Load Combinations. Code of practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.

IS: 875(Part-II) - 1987

IS: 875(Part-III) - 1987

IS:875(Part-IV) - 1987

IS: 456 - 2000

THANK YOU