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Introduction
Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities.
Its life is about 50 years. It does not cause any kind of pollution. The running cost of this plant is very small. These plants are reliable and give high efficiency.
Small Scale
Micro
Large
plants
Small
hydropower
a small dam, or be a
diversion of the main stream.
Small
Plants
to 30 MW.
Micro
Plants
Precipitation of
clouds.
Dams
Classification of dams Storage dams Diversion Dams Detention Dams Overflow Dams Rockfill Dams Gravity Dams
Intake
A water intake must be able to divert water into a penstock
without producing a
negative impact on
the environment.
Penstock
Penstock is used as a medium to convey
Turbines
Types of Hydro Turbines:
- Impulse turbines Pelton Wheel Cross Flow Turbines - Reaction turbines Propeller Turbines Francis Turbines Kaplan Turbines
Impulse Turbines
Uses the velocity of the water to move the runner and discharges to atmospheric pressure.
Pelton Wheels
shaped buckets.
turbine.
Suited for high head, low flow sites. The largest units can be up to 200 MW. Can operate with heads as small as 15 meters and as high as
1,800 meters.
vanes.
Reaction Turbines
Combined action of pressure and moving water. Lower head and higher flows than compared with the impulse turbines.
Kaplan Turbine
It
has
adjustable
blades or pitch.
It
allows
efficient
Francis Turbines
Best suited for sites with high flows and low to medium head.
Generator
Generator
is
the
Principle of Generator
The turbine turns, excitor sends an electrical current To the rotor. It spins inside a tightly wound coil of copper wire The stator. Thus the magnetic fields create electric current.
Transformers
A transformer is used to step up the voltage created by the generator and pass it
Out flow
Used water from the turbines is carried through pipelines, called tailraces, and it
Power House
The function of power house is to protect the mechanical equipment. For this purpose a cleaning machine called TRASH TRACK is used. It removes the material from water to avoid entering the plant and damaging the machines.
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