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IBM Global Services

Overview of ALE / IDOCs

March, 2006

Copyright IBM Corporation 2006

IBM Global Services

Topics to cover
What is ALE? Components of ALE. Anatomy of an IDoc. ALE Processing Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs. Questions

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ALE Terminology
ALE - Application Linking & Enabling IDoc - Intermediate Document EDI - Electronic Data Interchange

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ALE Objective

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ALE!! What is it ??

It is a set of
Tools, programs and data definitions

that provides the mechanism for distributing functionality and data across multiple system.

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What Data can be Exchanged ?

Transaction

Data SD, MM, FI, CO, etc. Data Material, Customer, Vendor, etc. Data Organizational Reference Information Plants, Sales Orgs, etc.

Master

Control

Data

required to enable tightly coupled, distributed applications Separate HR, Separate Treasury, etc.

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Features ALE / IDocs


Distributed System yet integrated with SAP R/3

Based on Application-to-Application integration using Message Architecture

Reliable communication
Data is exchanged using IDocs Support both R/2, R/3 and External system If network problem, message is buffered support backward compatibility ensure that , data is transferred only once

ALE ALE

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ALE Scenario

Document

SAP System R/3


IDoc

IDoc

SAP System R/3


IDoc

EDI Subsystem

EDI Subsystem

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Topics to cover
What is ALE ? Components of ALE. Anatomy of an IDoc. ALE Processing Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs. Trouble Shooting Questions

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Components of ALE
Services: Application Services Distribution Services Communication Services

Tools: Customizing Tools

Development Tools

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Application Services

Services: Application Services Distribution Services Communication Services

Tools: Customizing Tools

This is where the SAP applications ( SD, FI, MM etc. ) generate their data and documents

Development Tools

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Distribution Services
Services: Application Services Distribution Services Communication Services

Tools: Customizing Tools

Development Tools

Recipients Formats and Filters the data Creates IDocs ( Intermediate Documents

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Communication Services

Services: Application Services Distribution Services Communication Services

TCP/IP RFC

Tools: Customizing Tools

tRFC
etc

Development Tools

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Development Tools

Model Maintenance Tool.

(for configuring the flow of data


Services: Application Services Distribution Services Communication Services

between systems ) Shared Master Data(SMD)tools

(for distributing master data )

Customization parameters filtering and

(within SAP for IDoc


conversion. )

Tools: Customizing Tools

Development Tools

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Customizing Tools

Services: Application Services Distribution Services Communication Services

Tools: Customizing Tools

Development Tools

Tools for creating and modifying IDocs

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In a Nut Shell
Application Layer Distribution/ ALE Layer Communication Layer

Application

Master IDOC

Determine Receipients

Filter/Convert Data, Create IDOC

Comm. IDOC

Carrier

Application Data

Application Functions

Filter/Convert Data

Comm. IDOC

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Copyright IBM Corporation 2006

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Topics to cover
What is ALE ? Components of ALE. Anatomy of an IDoc. ALE Processing Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs. Trouble Shooting Questions

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IDoc Concept

System 1
SAP Document

System 2 IDoc

R/3 System

EDI subsystem R/3 System R/2 System 3rd party software

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IDoc Structure
Control Record
IDoc-ID Sender-ID Receiver-ID IDoc type and logical message External structure

Data Record

IDoc-ID Sequence/Hierarchy Format definition for Segment


header data item data

Status Record

IDoc-ID Status information

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Control record Data Record Status Record

IDOC Intermediate Document

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Control Record
The very first record of an IDoc package is always a control record. The structure of this control record of the structure EDIDC and describes the contents of the data contained in the package. The control record goes to table EDIDC

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Message Type
Message Type indicates How to Know what the data Means Data Exchanged by IDOC and EDI is known as Messages Message of same kind belong to the same message type Message types are stored in table EDMSG

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Data Record

All records in the IDoc, which come after the control record, are the IDoc data. They are all structured alike, with a segment information part and a data part, which is 1000 character in length, filling the rest of the line. Data & Segment info is stored in EDID4 for release 4.x and EDID3 for release 2.x and 3.x.

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Status Record

Information about the IDoc status like: IDoc identification number Status number - table verified IDoc type Direction Data and time stamp; Structure: EDIDS

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Status of IDOC
A two-digit status is assigned to an IDoc to allow the processing to be monitored. The statuses for outbound IDocs are between '01' and '49', while the statuses for inbound IDocs begin with '50'. Status confirmation when using port type 'File': The external system writes the status records in a status file, which is read by the R/3 System. In this case, the confirmation always refers to outbound IDocs. Status confirmation using IDoc type SYSTAT01: The system sending the confirmation writes the status records as data records of IDoc type SYSTAT01. All port types and both directions can be entered.

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Idoc Segments

TCODE: WE31

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Idoc Types

TCODE: WE30

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How to Attach Segments

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Message Types

WE81

WE82

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IDOC Type/ Message Type/ Processing Function Module


Valid combination of Message type and IDOC type are stored in table EDIMSG Combination of message type and IDOC type determine the processing algorithm. This is usually a function module and is set up in table EDIFCT.

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Copyright IBM Corporation 2006

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Topics to cover
What is ALE ? Components of ALE. Anatomy of an IDoc. ALE Processing.
i.Outbound Processing ii.Inbound Processing

Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs. Trouble Shooting Questions

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Outbound Processing

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Outbound processing: direct


Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion

asynch. RFC or EDI

Application document posted simultaneously with IDOCs Database

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Querying the Model


Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer

Comm. layer Comm. layer

Customer ALE supplies APIs (function modules) to allow applications Distribution Model to query the model
-

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion

Is anybody interested in my message type? asynch. Optional: what filter objects are they interested in? or

RFC

EDI asynch. RFC or EDI

Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Handover IDoc to ALE


Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Modelcreates the IDOC - The application


Technically it is stored as an internal table - Passed to ALE via Receiver determination an API (function module)
-

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

asynch. RFC or EDI

Segment filter Field value conversion Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Receiver determination

Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion

If the application has no specified recipients asynch. RFC ALE refers to the customer or distribution model to determine EDI them asynch. RFC Data not relevant to receiver or (according to model) is removed EDI in ALE layer.

Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Segment filter

Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model


-

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion

The filter is data-independent or IDOC segments that are not EDI required asynch. RFC can be removed The filter is message and receiveror specific EDI

asynch. RFC

Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Field value conversion

Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model


-

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion


-

The contents of individual or fields can be EDI asynch. RFC translated to new values or suppressed EDI The filter is message and receiver-specific

asynch. RFC

Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Version change

Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model

Comm. layer Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion

asynch. RFC or EDI IDOCs can be changed to older asynch. RFC versions or Systems with different release EDI
levels can communicate without additional application logic

Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Make Links
Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination Segment filter Field value conversion

asynch. RFC or EDI

Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database

Version change

Links

Links are written between IDOC and Application object contained in IDOC Communication-Layer's Dispatch "Transaction-ID" control C
-

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Dispatch control

Application posting
Need to create IDOC?

ALE layer Customer Distribution Model

Comm. layer

Create master IDOC

Receiver determination
-

Segment filter
-

asynch. RFC or EDI asynch. RFC Technical comms parameters are or defined EDI EDI or aRFC (asynch. remote
function call) Send immediately or cumulate and send via batch job If batch, packet size is determined

Field value conversion Application document posted simultaneously with IDocs Database
-

Version change Dispatch control

Links

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Scenario analysis

How does the IDOC look like ?


How is data being sent ? How is the data being received ?

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Outbound program development

Program logic How is the IDOC being created ?


Triggering How is the IDOC creation kicked off ?

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Program logic
IDOC program

Select data from application tables Fill data into IDOC Pass IDOC to ALE layer (Call function MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE) Commit Work

MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE Receiver determination Segment filtering Version Control Dispatch Control ALE layer

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MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE

Call function MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE

Exporting

master_idoc_control:

IDOC control record

Tables

communication_idoc_control:
master_idoc_data:

returned information about the distribution


IDOC data segments

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Filling an EDIDD structure

EDIDD

Header (55bytes) . SEGNAM .

SDATA (1000bytes)

Z1SEG

Field1 10

Field2 ABC

Field3

Field4

MOVE Z1SEG to EDIDD-SEGNAM MOVE 10 to Z1SEG-FIELD1 MOVE ABC to Z1SEG-FIELD2 MOVE Z1SEG to EDIDD-SDATA

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General Programming rules Design Guidelines for creating IDOC data records:
Left-justified filing of IDOC Fields

Replacing SAP codes with ISO codes

currency keys
country keys unit of measure shipping instructions

Converting Currency Amounts

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Left-justified Filling All fields must be left-justified

Character fields:

automatic

Non-character fields:

Condense statement must be used Check IDOC documentation to find out which fields require a condense All types unequal to char, cuky, clnt, accp, numc, dats, tims or unit require a condense

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Code Conversions Replacing SAP codes with ISO codes


Currency keys: currency_code_sap_to_iso Country keys: country_code_sap_to_iso Units of measure: unit_of_measure_sap_to_iso Shipping instructions: sap_iso_package_type_code

Conversion of currency amounts


currency_amount_sap_to_iso

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Basic Configuration Elements


Create and allocate Logical System Define Ranges (Idocs, Ports, etc ) Define RFC Destinations Define Ports Maintain Customer Model Create Partner Profiles

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Logical System

TCODE:
BD54; Stored in table T000

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Allocate Logical System to the client

TCODE:

SCC4

SALE > BASIC SETTINGS > SET UP LOGICAL SYSTEM > ASSIGN LOGICAL SYSTEM TO THE CLIENT
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Number Ranges

Maintain number ranges for ports Maintain number ranges for IDocs Maintain number ranges for IDoc types and segment version Maintain number range for change pointers

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Maintaining RFC Destinations

TCODE:

SM59

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Displaying and Maintaining Ports

TCODE: WE21

A port is a logical representation of a communication channel in SAP with the data communicated being IDocs.

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Partner Profiles

TCODE: WE20

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Partner Profiles-Outbound

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Partner Profiles-Inbound

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Distribution Model

TCODE: BD64

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Transfer of data
Transfer master data for material, customer, vendor to different client or system with BALE

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Filter Objects

BD95

BD59

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Sending Master Data Idocs


Master data ? Y Only send objects that have changed ? Y Change Pointer available? y Change Pointer based Program Standalone with custom logic to keep track of changes N Standalone program with user-definable selection criteria

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Sending Transactional Data Idocs

Transaction Data ? Y Ensure transactional Integrity? Y Output Determinat ion available ? y Output determination based Program User-Exit available? N N See Master data

hard coded ALE layer Modification

Y Hardcoded ALE layer no Modification

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Change Pointers

Application Posting
Post Application document Master data

Batch Program
(RBDMIDOC) Determine IDOC module Call IDOC module

Create Change Document Are changes ALE relevant ? Write Change Pointers Commit Work

ALE configuration
ALE relevant Fields

IDOC Module
(Masteridoc_Create_ SMD_<MSGTYPE>) Read Change Pointers Fill IDOC Call ALE layer Update Change Pointer

Change pointers

ALE layer Master_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE

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Change Pointers

BD61

BD50

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Change Pointers Continued

BD52

BD60

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IDOC module
IDOC module has to be implemented as function module Naming Convention: MASTERIDOC_CREATE_SMD_<msgtype> Function module reads change pointers information to get data that needs to go into IDOC Function module logic:

Read change pointers

Fill IDOC structure


Call ALE layer Update Change Pointer status Commit Work

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ALE Configuration For Change Pointers Define change pointer creation

Define which change document fields are to be logged

Change pointer activation


Activate generally Activate per message type

Publish new function module


Link message type to function module

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ALE For Transactional data ---- Output Determination

NACE

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Output Determination -- Access Sequence

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Output Determination -- Output Types

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Output Types -- Details

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Output Types -- Partner Functions

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Output Types -- Processing Routines

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Output Types -- Procedures

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Output Types -- Procedures Control

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Output Types -- Condition records

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Inbound Processing

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Inbound Processing.
Comm. layer C
Version change

ALE layer

Application posting

asynch. RFC or EDI

Segment filter Field value conversion Input control

A
Process IDOC

Serialization

Simultaneously update IDOC's status

Database

Post application document

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Input Control
Comm. layer C
Version change For each message type and sender one can define Segment filter asynch.when to process RFC (immediate/batch) or whether to call application Field value conversion EDI directly or start customer workflow Input who should get work items in control case of error Incoming IDOC packets are passed to A application Serialization
-

ALE layer

Application posting

A
Process IDOC

Simultaneously update IDOC's status

Database

Post application document

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Application Input
Comm. layer C
Version change

ALE layer

Application posting

asynch. RFC or EDI


-

Segment filter Field value conversion Input Inbound IDOCs are passed to control the application via a standardized function A Serialization interface

A
Process IDOC

Simultaneously update IDOC's status

Database

Post application document

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Serialization
Comm. layer C
Version change Segment filter asynch. RFC inbound IDOC, the or application can call an ALE Field value conversion EDI API (function module) to check that the IDOC has not been overtaken If change No. 1 arrives after change No. 2, the IDOC containing it has been overtaken (by the IDOC containing the later change) Input control
-

ALE layer

Application posting

When processing the

A
Process IDOC

Serialization

Simultaneously update IDOC's status

Database

Post application document

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FM Assignment to Message Type and IDoc type

TCODE: WE57

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Process Codes

WE41

WE42

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Process Codes in Inbound and Outbound

TCODE: WE64

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FM For Inbound EDI

TCODE: BD67

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Inbound Program Development


INBOUND_IDOC_PROCESS IDOC ALE configuration
Partner Profiles Process Code Function module attribute Function module registry

Version change Segment filter Field conversion


Call function

IDOC_INPUT_<MSGTYPE> Return Variables


Read IDOC data Post Application data Send Success info back to ALE layer

If ERROR, trigger Workflow Task ALE layer

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ALE error handling


User action R/3 action

Error in inbound function module ALE triggers error ev ent


i nput Error Occurred

Workitem appears in user's Inbox Execute Workitem Display IDoc for user processing (IDoc method "InputForeground") Fix error and reprocess IDoc or Flag IDoc for deletion ALE triggers end ev ent
i nput Fi ni shed

Workitem completed

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ALE error handling

Necessary Steps:

Create new object type in Business Object Repository for IDOC; object is child of IDOCAPPL Create new customer task Create event-couplings linking

Event inputErrorOccured linked to standard task Event inputFinished to function module Create new object type as child of IDOCPACKET

To support mass processing:

Maintain process code to refer the above objects and events

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Advanced Inbound Topics

Data consistency Serialization Individual vs. mass processing Call transaction function modules

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Data Consistency Problem:


Ensure transactional integrity Dont process and IDOC twice Allow for IDOC reprocessing after rollback of application document posting
Solution: Application document must be posted in the same LUW as the IDOC status records IDOC function module must not use a Commit Work

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Data Consistency
ALE Layer Application function module

Lock IDoc(s) Read IDoc(s) Lock application objects Optional: Serialization check Process IDoc data Write application data to DB Write IDoc(s) status Write links Optional: Write serialization data Trigger event(s)

Commit Work

Unlock IDoc(s) and application objects

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Serialization
Sender Comm. Layer Receiver

Object X, changed twice: 1

First IDOC overtaken

Input from IDOC 1 must be prevented in order not to lose information from IDOC 2

2 1 !?

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Serialization Check, if IDOC has been overtaken

Use function module IDOC_SERIALIZATION_CHECK


react to overtaken IDOCs according to your needs

Prerequisite is the definition of a serialization object

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Mass Processing Processing more than one IDOC can improve throughput:

more than one IDOC is processed per Commit Work the function can be coded to add multiple entries to a table with one update command (array insert)

Function module has to be coded in a way that it supports mass processing Attribute of delivered function module specifies if mass processing is supported or not

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Call Transaction Pros:

Error reprocessing in foreground


Easy to program

Cons:

Call Transaction has significant performance overhead


Automatic Commit work, no data consistency

Recommendation:

Try to use function modules that update database directly If you want to use Call transaction, they have been ALEenabled to guarantee data concistency
ABAP | Confidential | ALE For ABAPers .ppt | 3/1/2013
Copyright IBM Corporation 2006

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Topics to cover
What is ALE ? Components of ALE. Anatomy of an IDoc. ALE Processing Transactions For Monitoring and Processing IDocs. Questions

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Monitoring IDocs
The IDoc interface offers 2 different approaches for tracking of data
load and data flow: Reports for monitoring

Workflow for notifications

Both approaches are based on the concept of status transitions, i.e.


an IDoc changes its status from a given value to another value.

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List Of All IDocs Created. (Default, Additional, EDI)-- WE02/ WE05

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Selection Program For Issuing Output -- WE15

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Process All Selected IDocs. WE14

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Test Tool For Idoc Processing (WE19)

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Select IDocs BD87

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Idoc Search For Business Contents (Database). WE09

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Status Conversion With Trfc Execution. BD75

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Questions

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