WATERPROOFING

INTRODUCTION

Waterproofing maintains the appearance of the building & increases the life of the structure. Building suffers from leakages through waterproofing, but as it gets older, it settles unevenly, forms cracks in the walls & then leakage/seepage begins.

EVOLUTION

The first real need for waterproofing dates back to the days of Noahs Ark. The 40 days of incessant rain inspired people to take some course of action to prevent water from entering their habitat. In the early days people relied upon thatch, such as straw, reed, leaves and other dried vegetable matter as a barrier against water entering their home.

Over time more sophisticated waterproofing materials were adopted. These included: animal skins, timber, shingles, and natural stones like slate. The discovery of oil, coupled with the advances of chemistry saw the arrival of numerous petroleum derived waterproofing products such as bituminous, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, hypalon etc.

BENEFITS OF WATERPROOFING

Increased property value Structurally sound foundation A healthier home environment for your family A warmer basement during winter A more attractive and more comfortable home

TYPES OF MATERIALS

Cement-Portland cement Sand-Clean river sand Metal-Hard angular metal(12mm-20mm) Brick bats-Half brick or more should be
used.

Powder/chemical-mixed with cement for

waterproofing agent.
terraces.

Geru/red colour-coloured effects for

Shahabad tiles-Box type treatment of

water proofing for basements.

TOOLS
25 mm G.I sockets Trowel(thapi) Wooden float(randha) Plumb bob(olamba) Line string(dori) & red colour(for marking) And much more .

AREAS OF WATERPOOFING

WATER COLSET/BATHROOM TERRACE CHAJJA WATER TANKS BASEMENT

WATER CLOSET.

P R O C E D U R E SOCKETING-Fill W.C. slab with 7cm slab(overnight). Check for leakages. If observed locate spot with porous concrete. Provide 4 sockets at each corner and grout it with slurry.

BASE COAT-After this provide 25-40mm thick cement mortar base coat. Proportions-1:4, Slope-1:100(from door to escape pipe). Carry base coat on all walls, upto height of 45cm. Keep this base coat full with water upto slab drop.

WATER ESCAPE PIPE-provide 25 mm p.v.c pipe above base coat. Holes should be done previously. Over this base coat fit the P-traps in the required level along with outlet pipe.

BRICK BAT COBA-well burnt bricks. Soak in water. Lay pucca bricks on edge. Gaps between bricks should be filled with mortar. Mortar mixed with cement and water proofing compound. Holes made for pipes finished with water proofing coba.

TOPPING COAT-after b.b. coba , complete topping coat with cement mortar mixed with water proofing agent. Continue coat up to 45cm floor level. Cure this coat for minimum 7 days.

PAN FIXING & FINISHING-fix W.C. pan at required level. Consider 15mm sunk from floor level. Fill extra gap around pan over topping coat. Brick bat and mortar up to 7.5cm. Final coat should be done upto 50mm,with slight slope towards the pan. Roughen top surface with wire brush to bond with mortar of tile.

TERRACE

PROCEDUREPREPARATION-chisel extra mortar and clean the terrace with water. Spread the slurry and allow it to penetrate over the surface Check terrace door level and ensure the margin. Ensure provision for plastic paper/tarpaulin to protect from rains.

BRICK BAT COBA COATStarting from the lowest point near the rain water downtake pipe provide a min. slope 1:150. Fix brick bats in cement mortar layer with the water proofing compound(sand). Brick bats are arranged in the staggered manner to avoid continuous horizontal joint of mortar. Provide metal coving of watta (rounding) at bottom of the parapet wall. cure the b.b.coba for atleast 7 days.

FINAL COATSpread cement mortar along with water proofing agent over b.b coba. Press it with the ruller , level the surface with wooden float. Apply thick cement slurry along with the water proofing compound for smooth finish (ghotai). Polish with metal float. Make horizontal and vertical lines at dist. Of 30x30 cms. To avoid cracks. Clean and cure for 21 days.

BASEMENT(shahabad box treatment method)

PROCEDURE-initially p.c.c bed is provided with required amount of water proofing compound . Above this tiles of rough shahabad stone are fixed with min. required width of joint between two tiles. Thichness of the shahabad tile should be between 32-40 mm . Joint between the tiles should be staggered .

Over this provide 25 mm thick layer of cement mortar to provide a smooth base for the raft slab above. Above the plastered shahabad base the raft slab is cast and r.c.c pardis are erected . Rough shahabad tiles are then fixed to the vertical pardi from outside. The shahabad dado is then grouted with cement slurry with waterproofing compound. Cure this at least for seven days and provide a final jointless waterproof plaster coat over the rough shahabad The entire process mentioned above forms a box around the structure and does not allow any water to seep through or leak from the basement.

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING WATER PROOFING WORK

Ensure that all the material used is of a good quality. Ensure that there is no leakage from the bath/w.c slab once the socketing is done. Ensure that all the brick bats are placed on the edge and not flat,also maintain the proper gaps between brick bats. Check each stage for leakage,by flooding it with water.

ensure that 30x30 squares are marked with line dori on terrace waterproofing.

PRE-MONSOON PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID LEAKAGES

Clean all the rainwater drain pipes. Clean the terrace completely and do not allow any loose rabbit,organic material to remain on terrace.