Utilizing Papain from Papaya (Carica papaya) Extract as Probable Anthelmintic

Keziah Cyra B. Papas RESEARCHER

Chapter 1 Problem and Its Settings

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Loathed wherever they go, parasitic worms are some of the animal

kingdoms true lowlifes. They feed of living hosts,sapping them of energy and nutrients while causing a range of horrible diseases. Fortunately, Anthelmintics has come to the rescue. Papain, an enzyme that works similarly with Bromelain is found in Papaya (Carica papaya). And this study will be focusing on utilizing Papain as probable Anthelmintic.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The primary purpose of this study is to determine if the Papaya (Carica papaya) can be a probable anthelmintic. 1. 2. Is Papain in Papaya (Carica papaya) enough to stun or kill the helminths from the body? In what particular concentration of Papain does the helminths in the body become stunned? What particular parasitic worms can Papain stun or kill?

3.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This studys goal is to do the following: 1. 2. 3. To determine if Papain in Papaya (Carica papaya) is enough to eliminate helminths from the body To know the particular concentration of Papain needed to stun or kill the helminths from the body. To distinguish what particular parasitic worms can Papain can stun or kill.

1.4 HYPOTHESES
Based on the research problem, the researcher formulated the following hypotheses: 1. 2. Papain in Papaya (Carica papaya) is not enough to eliminate helminths from the body. The researcher will not know the particular concentration of Papain needed to stun or kill the helminths from the body. There is no particular parasitic worm that Papain can stun or kill.

3.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The problems and difficulties to the affected person with helminths furnish this problem the force of looking for a new solution in deworming.

1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study will focus on utilizing the Papaya (Carica papaya) extract as a probable anthelmintic.

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Collection of 3 naturally infected rats (Rattus rattus) of helminths Preparation of Papain

Observation

Treatment

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.8.1 Parasitic Worms

Parasitic worms or helminths are a division of eukaryotic parasites that, unlike external parasites such as lice and fleas, live inside their hosts. They are organisms that live and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts nutrient absorption, causing weakness and disease.

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.8.2 Papaya (Carica papaya)

Green papaya fruit and the trees latex are both rich in an enzyme called Papain, a protease which is useful in tenderizing meat and other proteins. Its ability to break down tough meat fibers was used for thousands of years by indigenous Americans. It is included as a component in powdered meat tenderizers.

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.8.3 Papain
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) Its utility is in breaking down tough meat fibers and has been utilized for thousands of years in its native South America. Past researches have confirmed that papain has reasonable pharmacotherapeutic properties against intestinal nematodes of poultry.

1.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.8.4 Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) from the body, by either stunning or killing them. They may also be called vermifuges (stunning) or vermicides (killing).

Chapter 2 Methodology

2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

I.

Gathering of Papain from Papaya (Carica papaya)

Distilled water Surgical Gloves Crucibles Papaya Fruits Oven

Knife

2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

II.

Treatment
3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) naturally infected with helminths Papain Distilled water

2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

III.

Data Gathering
Faecal samples from the treated household rats (Rattus rattus) Microscopes

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

The experimentation will be done in 4 phases:

1.
2. 3. 4.

Collection of 3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) naturally infected with helminths Gathering of Papain from the Papaya (Carica papaya) Treatment of the infected Rattus rattus of the gathered Papain Observation of results

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.1 Collection of 3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) infected with helminths
3 Household rats that are naturally infected with helminths will be collected to be studied and tested for the study.

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.2 Gathering of Papain from the Papaya (Carica papaya)
Papain is the powder obtained from the Papaya latex by making slits, vertically, of about 2mm using a sharp pointed knife on each of the selected fruits still intact on the mother plant. After cutting or making a slit, the latex will be collected and will then be dried in the oven at 40C. Then, it will be ground with the aid of laboratory mortar and pestle, forming a greenish or grey powder.

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.3 Treatment of the infected Rattus rattus of the papain
The first infected Rattus rattus will be treated with a mixture of 20% watery solution with 300mg Papain for 3 days. The second infected Rattus rattus will be treated with the same percentage of watery solution, mixed with 350mg of Papain for 3 days. The third will be treated with 400mg Papain mixed with also 20% watery solution for 3 days.

2.2 THE RESEARCH DESIGN

2.2.4 Observations of the results
On the first day of treatment, the faecal samples will be collected from the 3 Rattus rattus and will be observed for changes. On the second day, the faecal samples will also be examined and analyzed for changes until the third day.

2.3 FLOWCHART OF METHODOLOGY

Collection of 3 Household rats (Rattus rattus) infected with helminths
Gathering of Papain from the Papaya (Carica papaya)

Treatment of the infected Rattus rattus of the papain

Observations of the results