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What is the genetic material?

Most likely candidate seemed to be protein? Shows great diversity Different organisms have different proteins.

Griffiths Conclusion
There was something in the heat-killed S strain that changed the characteristics of the R strain to live strain S. He called that something the transforming principle.

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty 1944


Determined that Griffiths transforming principle was DNA

Hershey and Chase 1952


Conclusively showed that DNA, not Protein, is the genetic material

NUCLEIC ACIDS

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID RIBONUCLEIC ACID

FUNCTIONS OF DNA
Control of Metabolism Control of Heredity Control of Cell Division

FUNCTION OF RNA
helps DNA do its work mainly in the synthesis of proteins

DIFFERENCES DNA AND RNA


DNA is double-stranded; RNA is singlestranded. DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose. DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil.

NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE
Phosphate Group Pentose Sugar Nitrogenous Base

NITROGENOUS BASES
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

The Double Helix


Complementary Base Pairing

Complementary Base Pairing

Complementary Base Pairing

MUTATIONS
ADDITION DELETION BASE SUBSTITUTION

THE BIG RED ANT ATE ONE FAT BUG

Deletion of H in THE

TEB IGR EDA NTA TEO NEF ATB UG

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Most common lethal genetic disorder in US One in twenty Caucasians carry the gene Rarely seen in other groups Most serious problem is the build up of mucus Faulty transport protein

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