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IIT, Kanpur
Outline
Introduction Advantages and Disadvantages Future Requirements Gas Turbine Combustors Ongoing Research Conclusions Acknowledgement
IIT, Kanpur
Steam Turbine
Water Turbines
Wind Turbines
Gas Turbines
High Pressure, High Temperature gas Generated inside the engine Expands through a specially designed TURBINE
IIT, Kanpur
GAS TURBINES
Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle Patented in 1934 First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by Germans during second world war Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines Used for power generation Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens Westinghouse, Alstom Indian take: Kaveri Engine by GTRE (DRDO)
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
IIT, Kanpur
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Intake
Slow down incoming air Remove distortions
Compressor
Dynamically Compress air
Combustor
Heat addition through chemical reaction
Turbine
Run the compressor
IIT, Kanpur
Tend to use more fuel when they are idling They prefer a constant rather than a fluctuating load.
That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and power plants, but explains why we don't have one under the hood of our car.
IIT, Kanpur
Lower emission compared to all conventional methods (except nuclear) Regulations require further reduction in emission levels
IIT, Kanpur
Military Aircrafts
High Thrust Low Weight
Commercial Aircrafts
Low emissions High Thrust Low Weight Fuel Economy
Double the size of the Aircraft and double the distance traveled with 50% NOx
IIT, Kanpur
IIT, Kanpur
Ongoing Research
Effect of inlet disturbances Combustion in recirculating flows Spray Combustion
IIT, Kanpur
IIT, Kanpur
= 0.2211 L = 20 cm
Pressure oscillations increases with decreasing length Dominant frequency 27 Hz Acoustic frequency 827 Hz
IIT, Kanpur
Prms 330
280
140 130
Phase angle (degree)
Prms (pascal)
230
120 110
180
100 90
130
80 70
Less damping with increasing length Causes the rise is pressure fluctuations
60
IIT, Kanpur
frequency (Hz)
ma 3.0 g / s , = 0.3455
SPL (Db)
Frequency (Hz)
35 30 25 20 15 10 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Mean Inlet Velocity (m/s) Measured Calulated (St = 0.171)
f *D St s U
St = 0.171 (60 deg cone)
fs
0.171*U 0.02
IIT, Kanpur
Ongoing Research
Effect of inlet disturbances Combustion in recirculating flows Spray Combustion
IIT, Kanpur
Primary zone Fuel air mixing Intense combustion Short combustion length High turbulence Fuel rich combustion
Energy cascading
Combustion in recirculating flows Droplet Flow interaction
IIT, Kanpur
Image Processing
Grayscale image
Intensity image
Simulation results
IIT, Kanpur
Vortex Dynamics
Ratio of the second vortex aera to the total area of the cold flowfield
3.33
4.33
5.33
6.33
3.33
5.33
6.33
Non-dimensional time
IIT, Kanpur
Transient Analysis
Identification of signatures of re-circulation, turbulence and acoustics through frequency domain analysis of pressure transients Turbulence energy cascading due to re-circulation
IIT, Kanpur
450 400 350 300 250 200 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Non-dimensional distance along the combustor diameter
IIT, Kanpur
Ongoing Research
Effect of inlet disturbances Combustion in recirculating flows Spray Combustion Needs and Challenges Controlled atomization Emissions in spray combustion
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
IIT, Kanpur
IIT, Kanpur
IIT, Kanpur
Ongoing Research
Effect of inlet disturbances Combustion in recirculating flows Spray Combustion Needs and Challenges Controlled atomization Emissions in spray combustion
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
IIT, Kanpur
IIT, Kanpur
Performance
IIT, Kanpur
y = 0.149x-0.9698 2
1.5
0.5
70 60
D32 (mm)
0.7
0.8
IIT, Kanpur
Ongoing Research
Effect of inlet disturbances Combustion in recirculating flows Spray Combustion Needs and Challenges Controlled atomization Emissions in spray combustion
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
IIT, Kanpur
3000 2500
60 50 2000 40 30 20 10 0 1500 1000 500 0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
z=5mm z=20mm
z=10mm z=35mm
120
100
80
60
40
IIT, Kanpur
Conclusions
Disturbances can lead to combustion oscillations Recirculating flow helps in reducing disturbances Controlled Atomization can be achieved through air-assisting Spray combustion reduces NOx emissions through fuel staging
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.
IIT, Kanpur
Acknowledgements
M. S. Rawat S. K. Gupta S. Pandey P. Berman J. Karnawat S. Karmakar N. P. Yadav S. Nigam R. Sailaja M. Madanmohan Dr. K. Ramamurthi LPSC (ISRO) CFEES (DRDO)
IIT, Kanpur
THANK YOU