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a) Make sure no branches or other items are over the campfire area. You should see the blue sky when you look up.
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Scrape all the ground cover; such as moss, leaves, and wood debris Watch for roots so the fire will not spread through roots and break out elsewhere.
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c) Surround the outside edge of the fire area with rock, dirt, or fire ring.
Do not use river rocks for the fire ring!
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d) Use only dead or down trees. Do not cut green trees for a fire.
Use firewood that will not throw sparks!
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e) Build the campfire only as large as is needed. f) Have a shovel, bucket of water; and bucket of sand near the campfire area.
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i) Always put the campfire out completely. j) Always leave the site cleaner than you found it.
Replace the ground cover if an area was cleared for the campfire.
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a) A-Frame: This is an easy fire to build and start, especially if it is breezy. b) Tepee: This is an easy fire to build and start. c) Hunter's: This is the best fire to cook over
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d) Trench: This fire provides heat or a stove for cooking in breezy conditions. e) Imu (bean hole): This fire provides a long steady heat for items needing to cook more than an hour.
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f) Council: This fire provides long-term heat, a lasting bed of coals, and is most often used during outdoor ceremonies or settings.
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a) Read and follow the instructions that come with the stove and propane cylinder.
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b) Do not use the stove in unventilated areas, such as tents. c) Stoves are for cooking only.
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d) Never alter a stove in any way. e) Never use a stove as a heater; and never leave it unattended while it is in use.
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f) When operating the stove, keep it away from all Flammable objects, such as tents or clothing.
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g) Never install or remove a propane cylinder while the stove is lit, when it is near aflame, when the pilot lights are lit, or while the stove is hot to touch.
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h) Never store propane near flames, other ignition sources, or where temperatures exceed 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
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j) If you smell propane, turn off the stove and remove the cylinder when it is safe. Reseal the tank to the stove and check it for leaks before relighting the stove.
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Different Forms of Tinder: a) b) c) d) e) peelings of cedar or birch shavings of softwoods pine splinters dead twigs the size of a match dead grass
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Different Forms of Tinder: f) pine needles; pinecones g) any dead, dry, fuzzy-type vegetation; a fuzz stick
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List Five Chemicals for Coloring Flames: a) Sodium Chloride (table salt): This makes a yellow flame. b) Sodium Borate (borax): This makes a yellow-green flame. c) Calcium Chloride: This makes an orange flame.
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List Five Chemicals for Coloring Flames: d) Potassium Nitrate: This makes a violet flame. e) Boric Acid: This makes a red flame.
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