HYDRO ENERGY

Presented by: MOHD IJHAR

EN 3rd YR

COURSE OUTLINES
Introduction Types of dam Working Technology Costs Hydro electric power plant in India Advantages Disadvantages Future of hydropower Conclusion Reference

INTRODUTION
Hydro energy is simply energy that is taken from water and converted to electricity. Hydro energy is a renewable energy resource because it uses the Earth's water cycle to generate electricity. Hydro energy can be obtained by using many methods of capture. The most common method of using energy from water is a hydroelectric dam, where water coming down through an area causes turbines to rotate and the energy is captured to run a generator

DAM TYPES
Arch Gravity Buttress Embankment or earth

ARCH DAM
Arch shape gives strength Less material (chipper) Narrow sites Need strong abutments

CONCRETE GRAVITY DAM

Weight holds dam in place Lots of concrete (expensive)

BUTTRESS DAMS
Face is held up by a series of supports Flat or curved face

EMBANKMENT DAMS
Earth or rock Weight resists flow of water

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HOW HYDROPOWER WORKS!

Hydrologic cycle

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HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

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HYDROPOWER TO ELECTRIC POWER

Potential Energy

Electrical Energy Electricity

Kinetic Energy

Mechanical Energy

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GENERATING TECHNOLOGIES

Types of Hydro Turbines: Impulse turbines

Pelton Wheel Cross Flow Turbines

Reaction turbines
Propeller Turbines : Bulb turbine, Straflo, Tube Turbine, Kaplan Turbine Francis Turbines Kinetic Turbines

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COST

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CONSTRUCTION COSTS
Hydro costs are highly site specific Dams are very expensive Civil works form two-thirds of total cost Varies 25 to 80%

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PRODUCTION COSTS
Compared with fossil-fuelled plant No fuel costs Low O&M cost Long lifetime

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PRODUCTION EXPENSE COMPARISON

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HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

Himachal Pradesh Andhra Pradesh

Bhakra 1325 MW

Srisailam 1670 MW

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CONTINUED..
Maharashtra Himachal Pradesh

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Koyna 1920 MW

Nathpa Jakri 1500 MW

CONTINUED..
Karnataka Gujarat

Sharavathi 1496 MW

Sardar Sarovar 1450 MW

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ADVANTAGES
Hydropower is a large renewable source of energy It does not pollute the atmosphere It can respond to utility load demands It has very low operating costs Hydroelectric projects provide for recreation in reservoirs.

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DISADVANTAGE

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DISADVANTAGES
Due to dam local and surrounding wild life effected Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to be flooded, must move out. This means that they lose their farms and businesses

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HYDRO DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY

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DEVELOPED HYDROPOWER CAPACITY

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World Atlas of Hydropower and Dams, 2002

WORLD ENERGY SOURCES

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CONCLUSION
Overall CCGT appears to be the better investment Environmental or operational benefits not considered Overall HP is still a better investment for future

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SOURCE

www.hydropower.org

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