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BSNL
TX
RX
RX
TX
BSNL
Classifications
LINEAR 1+1 1:1 1:N 1+1 MSP RING SNCP MSSP(2F)
BSNL
Traffic is transmitted simultaneously on the working and protection line Both line transport 100% traffic In the event of a failure ,receiver is switched over to Protection line.
Priority Traffic
3/15/2013
ALT/TX-I/SDH/Survivability/06
BSNL
Traffic
Priority Traffic
3/15/2013
ALT/TX-I/SDH/Survivability/06
BSNL
Traffic is transmitted on one channel only No traffic or only low-priority traffic is transmitted on protection line,100% protection. In the event of a fault, both the transmitter and receiver are switched over to the protection line.
3/15/2013
ALT/TX-I/SDH/Survivability/06
BSNL
BSNL
SDH Rings
1. SDH is normally configured in a ring architecture. T o 2. This is done to create loop diversity for uninterrupted service protection purposes in case of link failures. 3.The SDH rings are commonly called self healing rings, Because traffic flowing in a certain path can be automatically to an alternate path. 4.Self healing rings works on two different type of chemistry. A- Unidirectional Self healing rings. B- Bi-directional Self healing rings . 5. The concept of traffic in both type ring is different.
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
BSNL
RX TX TX RX
ADM A
ADM D
TX RX RX TX
TX RX RX TX
ADM B
RX TX TX RX
ADM C
BSNL
Features of USHR
1. This scheme offers less information regarding operating System. 2- In normal condition the traffic flows in clockwise directions In one fiber. 3. In failure condition the traffic flows in counter clockwise direction path is used as alternate path for protection against ring Or node failure. 4-The traffic always in one fiber and always in ring. 5-The USHR mechanism is itself does not aware which fiber is carrying traffic. 6-In case traffic is switched over alternate path ,the traffic is not returned on normal path after restoration.
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
BSNL
Continued Features
of USHR
1. The chemistry of USHR is less informative. 2. But it protect traffic positively. 3. It offers cost effective solution for low level of capacity network.
BSNL
1- Path protection
BSNL
Node E
Node B
Node D
Node C
BSNL
Node E
Node B
Node D
Node C
BSNL
Q. Why Ans. In our systems we are keeping on auto laser set and auto laser restart functions on always. So if one fiber is going to be faulty both ends lasers switched off and it simulate the condition of complete section faulty condition.
BSNL
In our systems actually line switch protections is available It satisfied both condition
Traffic is always in Ring And traffic always in one direction Traffic in in ring of one fiber.
RX TX TX RX
ADM A
ADM B ADM D
TX RX RX TX TX RX RX TX
RX TX TX RX
ADM C
BSNL
BSNL
Feature of BSHR
The chemistry of BSHR is more informative.
The scheme requires a APS protocol to make operative.
The traffic flows from node 1 to node 3 in clockwise Direction along links 1p and 2 p.
But in return path the traffic flows in counter clockwise From node 3 to node1 along links 7p and 8p. Thus the information exchange between nodes 1and3 does not tie up any of the primary channel bandwidth in the other Half of the ring.
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
4p 5p
Node 4
TX RX RX TX
RX TX TX RX
Node 1
1p 8p
TX RX RX TX
Node 2
6p
3p
RX TX TX RX
7p
2p
Node 3
BSNL
To understand the concept of BSHR it is very essential to understand the concept of traffic. Traffic is Theoretically of two type Centralized Traffic Distributed Traffic
BSNL
S1 S1 RX TX S6 TX RX S1 S6 S1 S6 S1 RX TX TX RX S6 RX TX TX RX S6 RX TX TX RX
S6
S1
S6
S1 S6 S1
RX TX TX RX
RX TX TX RX
14
15
RX TX TX RX
13 12
S6 RX TX S1 TX RX S6 3 RX TX TX RX
S1 S6
RX TX TX RX
5 11
RX TX TX RX S1
10
RX TX S1 TX RX S6
9
RX TX TX RX S1 S6
8
RX TX TX RX S6
7
S1
6 RX
TX S6 TX RX
S1
RX TX TX RX S6
BSNL
Node A
6 AU-4s
8 AU-4s
Node B
16 AU-4s total Spare between Nodes A & B and Nodes A & D are at capacity
6 AU-4s
Node D
2 AU-4s
Node C
2 AU-4s
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
BSNL
Since all the traffic is designated for node A, and the span Between Node A and node B is full. Traffic from node C routes through node D, Leaving the span between Node B And node C vacant.
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
BSNL
Node B
8 AU-4s
32 AU-4s total
Node D
8 AU-4s
Node C 8 AU-4s
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
3 AU-4s
3 AU-4s
Node B
5 AU-4s 22 AU-4s total All spare are at capacity
1 AU-4s
Two-fibre STM-16 ring
Node D
4 AU-4s 4 AU-4s
Node C
T1516760-94d11
4 AU-4s 4 AU-4s
BSNL
MS shared protection rings scheme is supported by only BSHR .The ring protocol is essential for both two fiber ring or four Fiber ring. In BSNL only two fiber rings are deployed. MS shared protection rings are characterized by dividing the total payload per multiplex section equally into working and protection capacity. For a two fiber STM_N ring, N/2 administrative unit Groups (AUGs) available for working and N/2 (AUGs) for protection. The protection capacity is shared between multiple Multiplex sections
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
BSNL
The sharing of protection capacity may allow a multiplex section shared protection ring to carry more traffic under Normal conditions than other ring types. The sum of the tributaries that transverse a span cannot exceed the maximum capacity of the particular span. In MS shared protection the service can be routed in either one of the two directions,the long way around the ring or the short way. For normal working shortest path is preferable. For failure condition ,the alternate path in used.
TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
BSNL
Node A Circuit Q
Node a
Node f
Node F
Working working Protection protection
Node E Node
Node D
Node d
Normal state
BSNL
Node A Circuit Q
Node a
Node f
Node F
Working working Protection protection
Node E Node
Node D
Node d
Normal state
Node a `
Node b
Node c
Node f
Node F
Node E
working Working
Node e
Node D
Node d
Failed state
BSNL
in to
Prepare physical map of ring of different nodes. assign individual node ID to each node either in clockwise direction or in counter clockwise direction .
Zero node ID be offered to master node. Maximum station may not be more than 16 excluding regenerator.
S1 S1 RX TX S6 TX RX S1 S6 S1 S6 S1 RX TX TX RX S6 RX TX TX RX S6 RX TX TX RX
S6
S1
S6
S1 S6 S1
RX TX TX RX
RX TX TX RX
14
15
RX TX TX RX
13 12
S6 RX TX S1 TX RX S6 3 RX TX TX RX
S1 S6
RX TX TX RX
5 11
RX TX TX RX S1
10
RX TX S1 TX RX S6
9
RX TX TX RX S1 S6
8
RX TX TX RX S6
7
S1
6 RX
TX S6 TX RX
S1
RX TX TX RX S6
BSNL
4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 TX- 1 Faculty ALTTC, Ghaziabad
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
BSNL