CONTENTS

What is Waste Water? Sewage A major part of Waste Water.. Origin/ Cause. Wastewater Constituents. Sewage Disposal. Treatment. List of various Wastewater Treatment

Technologies. Treatment Process. Effects/ Impacts. Remedial Measures.

What is Waste Water ?

Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by influences caused due to human activities.
It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and

concentrations.

Sewage A major part of Waste Water

Sewage is correctly the subset of wastewater that is contaminated with excreta, but is often

used to mean any waste water. Sewage includes domestic, municipal, or industrial liquid waste products disposed of, usually via a pipe or sewer.

Origin/Causes
Wastewater or sewage can come from Human waste (feces, used toilet paper or wipes,

urine, or other bodily fluids) Sewage treatment plant discharge; Washing water (personal, clothes, floors, dishes, etc.). Rainfall collected on roofs, yards, hard-standings, etc. Groundwater infiltrated into sewage; Storm drains (almost anything, including cars, shopping trolleys, trees, cattle, etc.);

EVERYTHING IN NATURE IS EITHER REUSED OR RECYCLED. THERE IS NOTHING CALLED WASTE IN NATURE

WATER WASTAGE DUE TO DIFFERENT HUMAN ACTIVITIES [%]

5% 10% Shower & Bath 35% 20% Toilet Flushing Laundry

Kitchen & Drinking

Cleaning 30%

Wastewater constituents
What Waste Water may contain: Water (> 95%) Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, prion and parasitic worms ;) Non-pathogenic bacteria Organic particles (feces, food, vomit, plant material, etc. ;) Soluble organic material Inorganic particles (sand, metal particles, ceramics, etc. ;) Soluble inorganic material Small Animals (protozoa, insects, small fish, etc. ;) Gases, Emulsions etc. Toxins (pesticides, poisons, herbicides, etc. ;)

Sewage disposal
In some urban areas, sewage is carried separately in sanitary sewers and runoff from streets is carried in storm drains. Sewage may drain directly into major watersheds with minimal or no treatment.
When untreated, sewage can have serious impacts on the quality of an environment and on

the health of people.

Treatment
Most wastewater (urban & industrial) is treated in industrial-scale Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs). However, the use of septic tanks and other OnSite Sewage Facilities (OSSF) is widespread in rural areas. Anaerobic processes are widely applied in the treatment of industrial wastewaters and biological sludge.

List of various Waste Water Treatment Technologies

Advanced Oxidation

Process ATP test Bead Filter Constructed Soil Filter Carbon filtering Chlorine disinfection Combined sewer Distillation Desalination Electrolysis

Froth flotation Iodine Membrane bioreactor Nanotechnology Reverse osmosis Sedimentation Sand filter Septic tank Sewage treatment Ultra filtration (industrial) Ultraviolet disinfection

Treatment Process
Primary Treatment

Removal by Physical Separation of sand, stone and large objects. Secondary Treatment Aerobic Microbiological process. Lowers suspended solids content (into sludge). Tertiary Treatment (Advanced) Anaerobic microbiological process with a different microbe. Removes unwanted content remained after Secondary Treatment.

Treatment Process

ANNUAL SPENDING ON WASTE WATER TREATMENT {USD ($) PER PERSON} PER YEAR
160 142.8 112.8 100.7 75.3 63.5 52.2 41.9 40 20 0 38.3 29.4 11.1 109.6 92.1

140
120 100

101.8

105

80
60

66.7

Australia
Denmark Italy Switzerland

Austria
France Netherlands United Kingdom

Belgium
Finland Norway United States

Canada
Germany Sweden

Effects/ Impacts
Spread of water borne diseases such as Cholera, Gastro, Jaundice etc. Depletion Of Oxygen level in receiving water bodies.

Air may become contaminated by direct emission of contaminate waste.

Depletion of endangered Aquatic species.

Acidic and alkaline effluents causes corrosion.

Remedial Measures
Reuse of treated wastewater as drinking water, in industry, in artificial recharge of aquifers, in agriculture and in the rehabilitation of natural ecosystems. Ban on intermixing of untreated solid waste in water bodies. Discouraging uncontrolled use of pesticides & fertilizers. Public Awareness & proper Government Policies & their implementation.

100%

20%

30%

40%

50%

70%

80%

90%

10%
INDUSTRY PUBLIC USE AGRICULTURE

60%

0% ALGERIA ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA CANADA CHINA CZECH EGYPT FRANCE GHANA INDIA INDONESIA ITALY JAPAN MEXICO POLAND SAUDI ARABIA SWEDEN THAILAND UGANDA UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES USSR VENEZUELA ZAMABIA

USE OF WATER IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

We must live by natures rules!! Or, Well have to pay the price!! Were already paying that!! So, we really have little CHOICE!!