In many Quiz games it is important to be able to determine who is first to reply to a question.

To determine as to who is first to press an answer button, is a problem since more than one person may appear to have pressed the button at same instant of time. To differentiate the second time difference in between two persons pressing the buttons is almost impossible for human being. Only electronic device can do it with accuracy and therefore these devices are very popular now a days with growing competitions being arranged.

The arrangement shows is for 4 players, how ever the design can be extended for any number of competitors.

1. IC 4012 2. IC 4013 3. Relays 4. Transistors 5. Transformer (step-down) 6. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) 7. Diode 1N4007 8. Capacitors 9. Resistors 10.Push button switches

It is a dual 4 input CMOS NAND gate. IC 4012 NAND gate provides the system designer with direct implementation of the NAND function and supplement the existing family of CMOS gates. All inputs and outputs are buffered. Standardized symmetrical output characteristics.

The 4013BE dual D flip-flop is a monolithic complementary CMOS integrated circuit constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors. Each flip-flop has independent data, set, reset, and clock inputs and ``Q' and ``Q'' outputs. These devices can be used for shift register applications, and by connecting ``Q'' output to the data input, for counter and toggle applications. The logic level present at the ``D'' input is transferred to the Q output during the positive-going transition of the clock pulse. Setting or resetting is independent of the clock and is accomplished by a high level on the set or reset line respectively.

Relay switch shown in the image above consists of five terminals. Two terminals are used to give the input DC voltage also known as the operating voltage of the relay. The rest of the three terminals are used to connect the high voltage AC circuit. The terminals are called Common, Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC). Relay is one of the most important electromechanical devices highly used in industrial applications specifically in automation. A relay is used for electronic to electrical interfacing i.e. it is used to switch on or off electrical circuits operating at high AC voltage using a low DC control voltage.

We are using a NPN general purpose transistors. Small load switch transistor with high gain and low saturation voltage.

TRANSFORMER
A transformer designed to reduce voltage from primary to secondary is called a step-down transformer. As a step-down unit, this transformer converts highvoltage, low-current power into low-voltage, highcurrent power. Now for this quiz master we are using 0-12V transformer.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs present many advantages over light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, smaller size, and faster switching.

 Diffused

Junction. High Current Capability and Low Forward Voltage Drop Surge Overload Rating to 30A Peak Low Reverse Leakage Current

Resistors have two leads to which the resistor can be connected to an electronic circuit. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. The greater the resistance, the lower the current will be, assuming the same voltage imposed on the resistor. In this quiz master we are using 330, 22K, 2.2K resistors.

JK master slave flip flop is the heart of this project. The complimented output of all JK flip flops is given to NAND gate input. The output of the NAND gate is fed to NOT gate. Here in this project, NOT gate is realized from NAND gate. The output of this NOT gate is fed to CLK pins of all JK flip flops through four Push-to-ON switches. LEDs are connected to output pin of all JK flip flops through a transistor driver. Whenever any switch is pressed first, the corresponding flip flops output goes high and makes the LEDs blink.

The operation of the circuit is extremely simple. Each of the modules consists of a flip-flop which is set by means of pushbutton switch. The Q output of each of the flip flop is connected via a NAND gate to the reset input of each of the other flipflop. As soon as one flip flop is set, the remaining flip flop will therefore be inhibited, since their reset inputs are held high. The Q output of the flip flop which has been set goes high, turning on the associated transistor and lighting a LED, thus providing a visual indication of which push button was pressed first. The circuit is reset for the next round by pressing RESET switch.

The RC network at the input of each stage is simply a pulse former which prevents under fined logic states occurring in the event of both the set and reset inputs of the flip flop being high at the same time. This project uses regulated 12V, power supply. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the AC output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

Fastest Response Highly Sensitive Wide supply range (3V to 15V) High noise immunity Low cost and reliable circuit

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