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Laboratoire Ingnierie des Systmes Microbiens et des Procds INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES APPLIQUEES 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 TOULOUSE Cdex 04
FRANCE
OH O5H12C6
CH3 COOH
HO OH O
OH
Regulatory approval
Monascus pigments: an old story in Asia but still forbidden in Europe and the USA
Ang-Kak = Red Rice Origin = China, Indonesia, Korea, Japan Discovered in France by Philippe van Tieghem in 1884 Lack of toxicity studies LD50(oral) = 33.3 g/kg (mice) Not approved in Europe and USA
Glutamylrubropunctatine M = 483
Glutamylmonascorubrine M = 511
Liquid culture
The applications
Some advertisements in China (Ningxia R.D. Natural pigment) Patents in Japan - Cosmetic containing pigment derived from Monascus (Kanebo Lt) - Monascus culture extract for skin cleansing and protect effect (Pentel KK) - Monascus pigment for inhibiting melanin formation (Hokuto Kasei KK, Ichimaru Pharmacos Inc.)
Arpink RedTM
Riboflavin
DSM was the 1st company to produce b-carotene , today 2 others productions in Russia and Spain.
Astaxanthin
Contributes as a flesh pigmenter to the orange-red coloration of crustaceans and salmonids
Salmon and trout business is now a huge business Fed batch production: 17 g/L biomass
Coloration of crustaceans
Feed non supplemented with any pigment
Partial conclusion:
Some fermentative food grade pigments are on the market, many are at the development stage or research project
Molecule
Colour
Microorganism
Status
Ankaflavin
Anthraquinone Monascorubrami n Rubropunctatin b-carotene Riboflavin
Yellow
Red Red
Monascus
Penicillium oxalicum Monascus
IP
IP IP
IP IP IP
Status DS DS DS DS
Zeaxanthin
b-carotene
Yellow
Yellow-orange
Flavobacterium sp.
Mucor circinelloides
DS
DS
Colour
Pink-red Dark red Red Black Deep blood-red Yellow Yellow-orange
Microorganism
Agrobacterium aurantiacum Paracoccus carotinifaciens Bradyrhizobium sp. Fusarium sporotrichoides Saccharomyces neoformans var. nigricans Cordyceps unilateralis Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens Fusarium sporotrichiodes Neurospora crassa Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Status
RP RP RP RP RP RP RP
Cyanotech Corp., Hawaii (USA) Inner Mongolia Biological Eng. Co. (China) Tianjin Lantai Biotechnology (China) Nature beta Technologies (Israel)
Approved by USFDA
Conclusions
- Traditional Monascus pigment in Asia - Success of b-carotene produced by Dunaliella salina