BOVINE OBSTETRICS

The slides with drawings are the courtesy of Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Royal Veterinary College, Sewden Dr.V.N.Viswanatha Reddy,
Former Professor, Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024

E-mail: vnvreddy2004@yahoo.co.in Phone: Res. Ph:080 2272 4981 Cell:9448052640

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Healthy cow and calf

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How to reduce incidences of Dystocia?

Feed concentrates in 3 to 5 times in a day and 30 to 60 minutes after feeding fodder and night feeding of the concentrates should be more. The pregnant animals should get a walking exercise of 1 to 2 kilometers per day. Injecting 150 of sodium selenite and 500mg of vitamin E weekly in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy or feed 150 of sodium selenite and 800 mg of vitamin E capsules or germinated horse gram 500gms per day in the last 4 6 weeks of pregnancy, due to better uterine contractions uterine inertia will get reduces and no RFM chances. Feeding 20 pills of 20 size Homoeo drug Caulophyllum 30 weekly one dose in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy will prevent failure of dilatation of cervix. Same drug is used in woman 4 to 6 pills weekly once and on the day of delivery for easy delivery. Injecting PGF2 alpha full dose 48 hours prior to calving can result in day time calving, but the greatest disadvantage is Retention of foetal membranes will happen invariably and takes longer number of days to fall off subsequent conception requires more number of AI and they are invariably metritis cases.
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Bedding at the time of calving is a must to reduce endometritis. Use lengthy straw as bedding. Avoid saw dust, groundnut shells and paddy husk or dry leaves as bedding.

Courtesy Bayer co. Germany

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Prior to calving, thorough washing of tail, vulva, thighs and udder is required.

Courtesy Bayer co. Germany

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Requirements for a dystokia case. Straw for bedding, 2 long thick ropes, 4 snares, 2 sticks or rods to tie the snares, cold water, hot water, buckets, mugs, soap, lubricant, antiseptic, potassium permanganate, apron, gum boot, towel, torch light, 2-3 bags filled with straw used as pillows below the thigh. Courtesy Jersey Farm Bangaluru 6 22 March 2013

First stage of parturition.Opening stage. 1 to 8 hours. Note the blue coloured sac allantoic sac.
Courtesy 22 March 2013 Jersey Farm Bangaluru
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2nd stage of parturition. Note the allantoic sac either yellow or white in colour. Once the tips of the digits appear, within 45 minutes in a buffalo, and within 60 minutes in a cow foetus has to be expelled, if not there will be deviation of head or abnormality will be there. Courtesy Jersey Farm Bluru
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The limbs are crossed. Oversize foetus. Requires 45 degrees rotation of foetus, otherwise it can result into hip lock position. Note the snares are being tied over the supra numerery digits Courtesy Jersey Farm Bangalore. 22 March 2013 9

Severing the navel cord of the foetus 5 cm from the naval region. Pour Tincture of Iodine into the umbilical sac. Ligate with a thread. Apply liberally Tr. Iodine or homoeo Q.calendula.
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Courtesy Jersey Farm Bangalore

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Anterior normal presentation 1st Phase

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Normal anterior presentation

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Normal anterior presentation

Use epidural anesthesia / xylazine hydrochloride i/m injection.Vacuum sound when needle in epidural space / free flow of the anesthetic/ if the head of the needle is free from the local anesthetic are the indications that the needle in the epidural space. Liberal lubrication with oil, dettol obstetrical cream..Apply snares above supra numerary digits / fetlock. Traction is done in the beginning little upwards, then parallel to the back of the mother. Once head is out oblique downward traction is done. After the shoulder is out, calf is totally pulled downwards almost parallel to the hind limb of the mother. Hip lock occurs if the fore limbs are coming out in a scissor shaped manner. In such cases foetus is rotated by 45o angle. If calf is alive both limbs are tied to a stick and rotated. If the calf is dead both foetal limbs are crossed and rotated
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Right shoulder flexion

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1st stage of correcting the shoulder flexion

Here Rt. hand is inserted, to pull up the Right limb. Many of us are right handlers and it is more strong, so right hand is shown
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Reliving shoulder flexion of right fore limb with right hand

Note the dotted line of foetus and limb, which shows that traction of calf is also has been effected
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Correct method of holding digits to make traction on the fore limb

Note the dotted line of calfs limb. If digits are not held in the palm, traction can tear the ventral tubular genitalia
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Retracting the vulval lips to relive head

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Applying eye hook and traction on head repelling vulval lips

Simultaneous squeezing on the dorsal vulval region is also a method to expel head 22 March 2013

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Ventral deviation of head

Requires repulsion of foetus and head. Rarely repelling fore limb, followed by rotating calf's head, then correct the repelled limb
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Right lateral deviation of head

Repel left fore limb in to shoulder flexion and correct head

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Applying a snare to the right lateral deviated head

Noose of the snare has to come here on the outer cheek of the calf
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Anterior ventral presentation

Can

be relieved in the same position but traction will be towards the sacrum of pelvis or rotate the foetus by 180 degrees before traction
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Anterior ventral presentation with flexion of fore limbs

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Dog sitting Posture

Repel the hind limbs/ entire foetus. Preferred anterior presentation

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Wry neck - anterior presentation

Head has to be shifted to lateral side before correction

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Posterior normal presentation

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Left hock flexion

Insert hand and pull up the hock further up.Hold digits in left hand palm. Hold the hock in right hand and push anteriorly while digits are pulled backwards.
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Breech presentation

Avoid to relieve in standing position of the mother Better is a lateral recumbent position of the mother
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Breech presentation applying the snare

Insert hand and pull up the left hock further up.Hold digits in left hand palm. Hold the hock in right hand and push anteriorly while digits are pulled backwards.Repeat entire procedure with the other limb and the hands are reversed
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Anterior lateral presentation

Rotate foetus by 90 degrees left laterally

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Farmer handling a dystocia in Holland

First calf in posterior presentation is being pulled downward

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Farmer handling a dystocia in Holland

The angle of pulling the calf is almost parallel to the back

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Farmer handling a dystocia in Holland

2nd Calf is being pulled downward at 45 degrees angle Fore ground has the 1st calf
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Farmer handling a dystocia in Holland

Twin calves relieved by the dairy farmer

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Farmer handling a dystocia in Holland

Twin calves relived by the farmer, mother is licking them

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Eversion of uterus in a goat. Before the arrival of the doctor roll the everted mass in a wet cloth and be wetting hourly. 1,2 handfuls of rice is soaked in water for hour. To that add the juice of Touch me not plant and . smear it to the uterus, drench the juice of Mymosa pudica. Or give a dose of 20 pills of Podophyllum 200 (homoeo drug). Duvadilan or Bricanyl 20ml I/m inj
Push the lubricated everted mass very near to the vulval lips first.
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Eversion of uterus

Note the everted uterus with detached placenta

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Eversion of uterus

Note the everted uterus with detached placenta

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Eversion of uterus

Everted uterus is tightly rolled with a wet cloth from its tip towards the base of the uterine horn base
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Suturing Vulval lips after replacing everted uterus

Correct method of suturing vulval lips using Seaton needle and thread. The thread is passes sub cutaneously parallel to the vulval lips.

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Suturing Vulval lips after replacing everted uterus

Correct method of suturing vulval lips using seaton needle and thread. The thread is passes sub cutaneously parallel to the vulval lips.

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Suturing Vulval lips after replacing everted uterus

Incorrect method of suturing vulval lips. Here Flessa vulval suture technique has been used. Here through and through the vulval lips the needles have been passed, this will cause eversion of uterus again due to the pain.

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Hydropsy condition of foetal fluids

Note the dropsy condition of abdomen sunken eyes, more thirsty
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Hydropsy condition of foetal fluids

In this condition uterine cavity is tapped just below the right flap of the flank (skin is shaved) An incision is made in the skin and trocar and canula is passed and pulled to one side and uterine cavity is tapped to empty fluid

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Eversion of rectum
Can occur due to straining in case of torsion or failure of dilation of cervix at the time of calving

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Cervical prolapse in non pregnant animal or in Prepartum

Elevate the hind parts of the animal and lower the fore parts while lying down. Use 1: 10,000 PP lotion for vaginal douche for 7 days. Homoeo drug Opium 30, Ignatia 30 and Carbo veg 30 each 10 pills TID orally 3-5 days.
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After birth (placenta)

Freshly calved. Note cotyledons have not appeared yet

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