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CCS7 Signaling System

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Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Chapter 3

SCCP
TCAP INAP

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Chapter 1

SCCP

SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part

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Where is SCCP?

INAP
TUP ISUP

CAP
TCAP SCCP

MAP

MTP

INAP: IN Application Protocol CAP: CAMEL Application Part TUP: Telephone User Part MTP: Message Transfer Part

MAP: Mobile Application Part TCAP: Transaction Capability Application Part ISUP: ISDN User Part SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part
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What is SCCP?

In No.7 signaling systemSCCP and MTP layer three together are responsible for signaling network layer function. SCCP expends the MPT functions in the following points:
Enable to convey various non-circuit-related signaling message.

Provide enhanced addressing and routing function, and enable to achieve the direct global transmission between different CCS7 networks by using GT addressing.
Expend the user part of MTP. SCCP supports up to 256 kinds of sub systems in stead of 16 in MTP. Enable to provide connectionless service and connectionoriented service.
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Service Functions of SCCP Network

According to the various service requirement needed by user, the SCCP provides four classes of service: two for connectionless services and two for connection-oriented services. The four classes are: Class 0: Basic connectionless class. Class 1: In-sequence delivery connectionless class. Class 2: Basic connection-oriented class.

Class 3: Flow control connection-oriented class.

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Addressing and Routing Functions of SCCP

The SCCP routing provides a powerful address translation function, which requires for connectionless and connectionoriented service. The SCCP routing provides a powerful addressing information translation function on behalf of its users. The routing function also responds to the MTP and SCCP congestion reports. Addressing within the SCCP of CCS7 makes use of three separate elements: DPC; Global Title (GT); Sub-System Number (SSN);
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Primitive

In CCS7 system, the information exchange between two adjacent layers is called primitive which includes primitive name, primitive type and primitive parameters. There are four types of primitives: Request Indication Response

Confirmation

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Primitives between SCCP and SCCP-User

Primitives between SCCP and SCCP-User (TCAP) are N_Primitives. The connectionless services use the following N_Primitives: N_UNITDATA_REQis used when SCCP-User requires SCCP to send data. N_UNITDATA_INDis used when SCCP reports the received data to SCCP-User. N_NOTICE_INDis used when SCCP reports the reason why the SCCP-User data cannot be sent to peer point. N-Primitives can be traced on SSP maintenance terminal.
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N_UNITDATA Parameters

N-UNITDATA_IND and N-UNITDATA_REQ have the same parameters. SCCP-USER Octet (83H) Routing Label (DPCOPCSLS) Sequence Control (SLS) Protocol Class (81H) Parameter Location Pointer (Called Address, Caller Address, User Data Pointer)

Called Address (Destination Address)

Caller Address (Source Address) User Data (SCCP-User Data to be sent by SCCP transparently, SCCP makes no change to them)
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N_NOTICE Parameters

N_NOTICE has the same parameter structure with N_UNITDATA, but the Protocol Class is changed to return reason.

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SCCP Message Types

Message is the information exchanged by the same layers in two signaling points. There are 17 kinds of SCCP messages. Among them UDT (Unit Data) and UDTS (Unit Data Service) are used for connectionless services. The codes for UDT and UDTS are 09H and 0AH. INAP only uses UDT messages

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Chapter 2

TCAP

TCAP: Transaction Capability Application Part

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Applications of TCAP

Applications of TCAP:
Data Exchange between switching systems Switching systems access network database center Network databases establish remote operation dialogue

Examples of TCAP applications: Mobile service applications Free phone service (800-service) Credit Card calling Operation & Maintenance applications
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Dialogue

Dialogue is the association established between two TC users exchanging data. Whenever two signaling points are going to exchange data, they will setup a dialogue via TCAP. It is TCAP that initiates, maintains and releases of a dialogue. But TCAP does not care the functions of the dialogue. The procedure of message exchange between two signaling points is similar to man-machine dialogue mode, which involves all necessary messages such as BEGIN and END.

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Component

Component is the protocol data unit exchanged between TC users. i.e. the information exchanged in a dialogue is just a set components. Components are defined by TC-Users. Components include the invoke operation by initiator and the returned result of the operation. The operation is decided by applications, e.g. number translation.

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The Relationship Between Dialogue and Component

A dialogue has one or more components. A service procedure is just one dialogue. i.e. all the operations of a service procedure buildup a dialogue, the dialogue is the carrier of the operations.

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Categories of TCAP Components

InvokeINVis used to send an operation request to remote TC-User. Return Result-LastRR-Lis used to return the components of final result of last INV operation. Return Result-not LastRR-NLis used to return the components of non-final result of last INV operation. Return ErrorREis used to return the components of error information, in which an error code is embedded RejectRJis used to reject last INV operation, in which a problem code is embedded.
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Classes of TCAP Operations

According to different requirements of operation results, TCAP are classified into 4 classes: Class 1: Result will be returned no matter the operation is successful or not. i.e. a RR-L, RR-NL or RE must be returned. Class 2: Only when the operation fails, a RE will be returned. Class 3: Only when the operation succeeds, a RR-L or RR-NL will be returned. Class 4: No result returned no matter the operation is successful or not.
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TC Primitives

TCAP and TC-User exchange data via TC_Primitives. There are 16 kinds of TC_Primitives, among them there 9 Component TC-Primitives which are related to components and 7 Dialogue TC-Primitives which are related to dialogues. The TC_Primitives from TCAP to TC-User are Indication primitives, from TC-User to TCAP are Request primitives.

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Component TC_Primitives (1)

TCINVOKE is used to invoke an operation. TCRESULTL is used to return the result of an operation. TCRESULTNL is similar to TCRESULTL, but only returns the middle result. Note: all above primitives have both Indication and Request types.

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Component TC_Primitives (2)

TCUERROR is a Request Primitive which is used to return the error code when the operation fails although TC-User has received the correct operation request.

TCUREJECTis a Request Primitive which is used to return reject code when TC-User has received an incorrect operation request.
TCUCANCEL is a Request Primitive which is used for TCUser to request TCAP to cancel an operation.

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Component TC_Primitives (3)

TCLCANEL is an Indication Primitive which is used to notify TC-User an operation is overtime. TCLREJECT is an Indication Primitive which is used to reject an operation by local TCAP. TCRREJECTis an Indication Primitive which is used to reject an operation when remote TCAP rejects the operation.

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Types of TCAP Dialogues

There are two types of TCAP dialogues. Unstructured Dialogue in which only unidirectional (UNI) messages are included. No response to be returned from opposite point in unstructured dialogue (e.g. a dialogue for sending an alarm message). Intelligent Network seldom uses this kind of dialogues. Structured Dialogue has initiating, maintaining and ending processes. It has BEGIN, CONTINUE and END or ABORT messages. Intelligent Network just uses this kind of dialogues.

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Dialogue TC_Primitives (1)

TC-UNI TC-User or TCAP request to begin a UNI dialogue. TCBEGIN Request or indicate to begin a dialogue. Request or indicate to maintain a

TCCONTINUE dialogue. TCEND

Request or indicate to end a dialogue.

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Dialogue TC_Primitives (2)

TCUABORTRequest to abort a dialogue. TCPABORTIndicate TC-User to abort a dialogue because of the error in transaction layer. TCNOTICEIndicate TC-User that the network service provider cannot provide the required service (e.g. STP does not support INAP).

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An Example of TCAP Process

Node2 (SCP) SSP begins a dialogue to query the balance of a calling card subscriber. SCP asks SSP to return the password.

Node1 (SSP) TC-Begin

TC-Invoke (Invoke) TC-Continue TC-Invoke (Invoke) TC-Continue

TC-Result-L (RR-L)
TC-End TC-Result-L (RR-L)

SSP returns the password.

SCP returns balance of the subscriber.

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Chapter 3

INAP

INAP: Intelligent Network Application Part

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The Functions of INAP

INAP defines operation criterion among the IN functional entities SSF, SCF, SRF and SDF. INAP is transmitted by SCCP UDT data, using connectionless services.

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The Relationship Between INAP and SCCP

INAP usually uses DPC+SSN routing mode of SCCP. INAP can also use GT routing mode of SCCP.

INAP uses class 0 and class 1 connectionless services of SCCP.

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INAP Operation Categories

Class 1: Result will be returned no matter the operation is successful or not. i.e. a RR-L, RR-NL or RE must be returned. Class 2: Only when the operation fails, a RE will be returned. Class 3: Only when the operation succeeds, a RR-L or RR-NL will be returned. Class 4: No result returned no matter the operation is successful or not.
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INAP Operations

INAP is a kind of TC-User. In INAP protocol, all INAP operations are also classified into 4 classes. Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Activate Service Filtering, P&C Initial DP, RRBE AT

Class 4

RC, BER

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IDP: Initial DP

IDP is the first INAP message sent from SSP to SCP, requesting SCP to establish the control relationship for an IN call. The parameters included in IDP are: access code, service key (the unique identifier of an IN service), caller number, called number, number attributes, etc.

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RRBE: Request Report BCSM Event

RRBE is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting SSP to configure DP dynamically. When SSP meets these DPs in later call process, SSP will report call information to SCP. RRBE provides SCP the condition of controlling calls. The parameters of RRBE include DP type, DP condition, etc. One RRBE can configure several DPs.
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CTR: Connect To Resource

CTR is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting SSP to connect the user to IP. CTR provides the users the condition of using IP. If IP is integrated with SSP, SSP makes only the internal connection with IP. If IP is independent from SSP, SSP communicates IP via TUP messages, connecting the users to IP through PSTN voice channels.
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P&C: Prompt & Collect User Informati

P&C is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting IP to play voice prompts the users and collect the users input. P&C needs IP to return operation results.

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DFC: Disconnect Forward Connect

DFC is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting SSP to disconnect the connection between the users and IP.

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AC: Apply Charging

AC is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting SSP to charge the call. The parameters of AC include: charge class, the balance of the subscriber, charging party, etc.

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Connect

Connect is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting SSP to connect the users to the designated number.

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ACR: Apply Charging Report

ACR is sent from SSP to SCP, reporting the charge result. The parameters in ACR include: the call start time, call end time, call length, caller number, called number, charging number, fee, etc.

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ERB: Event Report BCSM

ERB is sent from SSP to SCP when SSP detects the DPs configured by SCP in last RRBE message, reporting the call information to SCP.

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RC: Release Call

RC is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting SSP to release the occupied IN call resources.

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PA: Play announcement

PA is sent from SCP to SSP, requesting IP to play voice prompts to the users. PA does not need result return from IP.

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SRR: Specialized Resource Report

SRR is sent from SSP to SCP, notifying SCP the end of playing announcement.

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AT: Activity Test

SCP sends AT to SSP every 6 minutes when the call is established to check the communication between SSP and SCP. If SSP can return AT_ack, the communication is good. If no AT_ack returns to SCP, the communication is broken, and SCP will release the resources occupied this IN call.

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An Example of INAP (FPH Service)

SSP Initial DP

SCP

Request Report BCSM Event

Apply Charging
Connect

Apply Charging Report BCSM Event Report Release Call

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An Example of INAP (Continue)

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SCCPTCAP and INAP (FPH Service)

INAP
TC-BEGIN-REQ TC-INVOKE-REQ N_UNITDATA-IND TC-CONTINUE-IND Request Report Bcsm Event TC-INVOKE-IND TC-CONTINUE-IND Apply Charging TC-INVOKE-IND TC-CONTINUE-IND Connect TC-INVOKE-IND TC-CONTINUE-REQ TC-INVOKE-REQ TC-CONTINUE-REQ Event Report BCSM TC-INVOKE-REQ TC-END-IND Release Call TC-INVOKE-IND N_UNITDATA-IND UDT MSU N_UNITDATA-REQ UDT MSU N_UNITDATA-REQ UDT MSU N_UNITDATA-IND N_UNITDATA-IND UDT UDT MSU UDT MSU

AP
InitialDP

TCAP
N_UNITDATA-REQ

SCCP
UDT

MTP
MSU

SCP

MSU

Apply Charging Report

AP: Application Process, which processes IN calls in SSP.

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