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A Presentation By Dr.R.VIJAYAKUMAR EDITORIAL ADVISOR INDIAN JOURNAL OF MARKETING NEW DELHI - 110 016
PLAN
Introduction Means of Disseminating Research Results Preparing a Research Article for Publication Selecting Journal for Publication Issues Relating to Publication Tips for Writing Research Articles Getting Papers Published is a Skill than can be Learned.
DEVELOPMENT OF DISCIPLINES
Applicable for Disciplines also Research Contributes for Development of a Discipline Development in the Disciplines Results in Solving many Problems
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
Invention and Discovery Invention Finding Out New Facts Normally exists in the Field of Physical and Life Sciences Discovery Finding Out the Existing thing which has not been found by some one else Normally takes place in Social Sciences
RESEARCH WHY?
Adding to the Stock of Knowledge Throwing Lights on the Unnoticed Areas Finding Solutions by having Practical Applications Contribution to the Welfare and Betterment of the Society
Paper Presentations Publications in Seminar Proceedings Discussions in the Research Forum Publication (in print and in web)
PAPER PRESENTATIONS
Presenting the Papers in the Seminars and Conferences Positive outcomes Direct Delivery of the Facts Direct Interactions Immediate Reach Immediate Clarification Possibility to get Immediate Feedback Facilitates Discussions
DISCUSSIONS
In the Research Forums Limited Reach Stakeholders or Beneficiaries may not Participate in the Discussions Unity of Opinion to Arrive Solutions Will not Offer Concrete Conclusion Followup
WHY PUBLICATION?
PERSONAL SIGNIFICANCE Self Satisfaction Personal Growth Personal Lifelong Learning Incentives for Publishing Reviewed Journals Convincing Ability Enhanced Self-Discipline Ever Standing
in
Peer-
WHY PUBLICATION?
PROFESSIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
Gain Professional Credibility Respect Among the Colleague Career Enhancement That You Can Feel Connected to the Profession Secure Research Positions, Especially for Early Career Researchers Increasing Pressure from Administrators and Others that You Push yourself to Publish Your Work Benefits to the Institutions
WHY PUBLICATION?
SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE
Wider Reach Adding to the Stock Knowledge others will benefit from your Work Finding Scientific Solutions Future Reference Contribution towards Social Betterment and Welfare May Reach the Policy Makers Declining Financial Resources for Professional Travel at most Institutions
THE BEGINNING
THE QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED BY THE AUTHOR:
Is the Paper Worth Writing? What do I have to say? Is it Worth Saying? Self Confidence Who are the Audience for the Message? Where should I Publish the Message? What are the Requirements so that My Paper is Published? What is the Right Format for the Message? Will it add to the Stock of Knowledge in the Relevant field?
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Has your Idea Already been Published by Someone else? Check all Appropriate Sources. Even if Someone Previously Published YOUR idea, your work still may be Publishable:
Can you Extend the Idea? Can you Counter some of the Information in Print? If it is a Controversial Topic, even Supporting the Published Paper could make your Paper Publishable. Is your work in a Different Environment or Research System than What is in Print?
MANUSCRIPT STRUCTURE
Title Abstract Keywords Introduction Problem Statement Literature Survey Objectives Hypotheses Sampling Procedure Sample Size Tools Employed Analysis Part Results Discussion, Conclusions or Implications Acknowledgements References Cited Tables Figures
TOPIC
A Good Title tells what the Paper is about Specific: Differentiates your Research from Other Published Papers on the Subject Concise: Gives only Important details Informative Informative: Describes the Subject and Perhaps the Organism used or Research Environment
ABSTRACT
The Abstract should be a Stand-alone Summary of the Entire Paper. Although it Appears First, Write the Abstract last. Should Stand Alone! Consider it the Advertisement of Your Article. Make this Very Simple Precise and Understandable, as Readers will Decided to Read Complete Paper or Not After Reading Abstract.
It gives Concise Information about the Paper. Must be Accurate and Specific. Usually it Consist of Six to Seven Short Sentences and of 150-200 Words. Should tell what you did and Highlight the Key Findings. Use Words which Reflect the Precise Meaning. End with Important Conclusions and Implications. A Clear Abstract will Strongly Influence whether or Not your work is Further Considered.
ABSTRACT
Undefined abbreviations
Using Jargon and Uncommon Abbreviations.
KEY WORDS
Often Come at the End of an Abstract. The Labels of your Manuscript Used for Indexing Purposes Should Not Overlap with the Title Shouldnt be Too Broad or Too Narrow Check the Guide for Authors!
INTRODUCTION
The Area of Concern The Research Question Summarize Background Research. Describe the Problem. The Significance of the Problem Are there Any Existing Solutions? What are their Main Limitations?
INTRODUCTION
What do you Hope to Achieve? Cite a Couple of Original and Important Works, Including Recent Review Articles Point Out what is Lacking in the Published Literature (Where is the Gap in Knowledge?) How does your Study add to the Literature Justify your Work Longer the Introduction, the More Theory
INTRODUCTION
Create an Interest to the Reader. Convince Readers of the Importance of the Work. Provide a Perspective Consistent with the Nature of the Journal. Some Journals also Want a Preview of your Results at End of the Introduction. Editors Hate References Irrelevant to the Work, or Inappropriate Judgments on your own Achievements. They will Think that you have No Sense of Purpose at all!
PROBLEM STATEMENT
States the Purpose of the Research Addresses the Problem, its Importance and Applications Heart of the Research Paper Reveals the Necessity for Undertaking the Study Should be in Simple Words and in an Understandable Manner Primary Issues and Related Issues Solving an Important Problem with Good Application will usually lead to a Good Paper
LITERATURE REVIEW
Contains Information about the existing Literature available to Solve the Same Problem or Related Problems. A Good Literature Survey usually contains a Comprehensive and Exhaustive List of Literature used in Past, their Advantages and Disadvantages and their Applications. Presenting the Gist of Earlier Studies made in Comprehensive and Exhaustive Manner. How the Similar or Related Problem were Addressed in the Earlier Studies A Good Literature Survey Strengthens your Research Article The Gap that you are Filling.
OBJECTIVES
Should be Clearly Formulated Well Defined and Very Specific Expressed in Simple Words Capable to Express the Real Purpose of the Research Must Attract the Attention of the Editor / Reviewer /Reader Primary and Secondary Objectives
HYPOTHESES
Assumptions Guiding Fact A lamp IN THE DARK Establishing Cause and Effect Relationship Should be Tested with Appropriate Tools and Techniques
METHODOLOGY
INCLUDES Type of Research Target Population Sampling Procedure Sample Size Tools Employed
SAMPLING METHOD
Appropriate Method has to be Adopted All Segments / Sections of the Population has to be given Due Weightage Suitable for the Study Possibility of Generalising the Results / Research Outcomes Known and Unknown Population Size
SAMPLE SIZE
Should Represent the Population Adequacy Relevance To Fit into the Requirements of the Study Possibility for Applying Statistical Tools
TOOLS EMPLOYED
Use Appropriate Statistics and Discuss what Tests you Used Relevant to the Study Possibility to fulfil the Objectives of the Study Interpretations and Inferences Avoid Contradiction Do Not apply Different Tools to Find out the Same Fact
ANALYSIS PART
Method Differs Between a Concept Oriented Study and Analytical Study Has to be Seriously Considered Your Originality has to be Ensured
INTERPRETATIONS
Conveys the Results of the Tables and Analysis Clear and Precise Do not Start a Sentence with a Numeral Systematic Presentation Simple to Understand Do Not Emphasis much on Revealing the Results on the Basis of Statistics
EXHIBITS
Use Only when it is Necessary Space in the Journal Do Not Duplicate
CONCLUSION
Two to Three Paragraphs. Support your Conclusions with Published Literature. Contrast your Conclusions with Published Literature. Mentioning the Superior of your Findings over the Existing Researches. Describe Limitations of your Work. Describe Implications or Applications of your Work. State its Significance in the Field with Useful Applications.
REFERENCES
Most Difficult to Format. Each Journal has different Formatting Instructions for Citations. Read the Author Guide Lines for Appropriate Formatting and Check Recent Issues. This Section can Drive Editors mad if Not Properly Formatted. Check to Make Sure Every Space, Period, Comma, etc. are Perfect.
REFERENCES
Include Only those References you Actually Referred No Extras Make Sure that the Format given by the Journal is followed for all References and All of them are Cited in the Paper Foot Note
Select two or three journals with a focus similar to the content of your manuscript. then select a journal with a focus similar to the content of your manuscript. Visit the Journals Website. They often list their Aims and Scope and Tell you what Types of Articles they do and do not Publish. Look at papers recently published in your journal of interest. Ask yourself if your paper is of equal or higher caliber. If not, submit your work to a different journal
PUBLICATION PROCEDURE
Author Submits Editor is Assigned to Manuscript Editor Assigns Reviewers (Associate Editors) to Inspect Reviewers Decide on Whether to Review Paper Several Reviewers Inspect and Edit Editor Decides on Accuracy of Revisions and Whether to Accept Paper If Accepted, Editor sends Paper Back to Author with Revisions Author Revises Paper and Sends it Back Possibility of Second Review Process Publication!
REJECTION TO PUBLISH
Not Fit into the Standards
OTHER ASPECTS
Spell Check. Grammar Check. In Template? No Plagiarism, even of your Own Published Writing
ETHICS IN PUBLISHING
Never Fabricate Data. Never Falsify Data. Do Not Plagiarize. Reword (and Even then Attribute the Source). Direct Quotes are Rarely used, but make Sure you use Quotation Marks and Properly Cite the Source.
ISSUES IN PUBLICATION
Data Manipulation, Falsification Duplicate Manuscripts Redundant Publication Plagiarism Author Conflicts of Interest Poor Structure
AUTHORSHIP ISSUES
Individual or Group Effort. First Author. The Person who Writes the Bulk of the Manuscript Tends to be First Author. The Senior Author is the First Author. They Normally had the Largest Input into the Paper. The First Author is Normally the Corresponding Author because they Know the Most about the Research Paper.
AUTHORSHIP ISSUES
Co Author Who Extends Supports to the First Author in any Form
AUTHORSHIP ISSUES
For Inclusion as an Author, they Normally must make a Substantial Contribution in One (or All) of the Following Areas: 1) Conception of the Ideas or Experimental Design 2) Execution of the Study 3) Analysis or Interpretation of Data 4) Writing of the Manuscript
AUTHORSHIP ISSUES
Who is Not an AUTHOR? Contributing only the following is Not Enough to be an Author Editing of the Paper Providing Funding, Equipment or Lab Space
AUTHORSHIP ISSUES
Being an Advisor But, Advisors often do Contribute in other Ways, too. Lab Technicians: While they often do the Bulk of the Labour, they Normally Do Not have Intellectual Input into the Paper Normally Authors are Listed in Decreasing Order of their Input.
IMPACT FACTOR
People in Academia Try to Publish in What We call High - Impact Journals. These Journals are Well - Respected because of the Quality of the Articles.
IMPACT FACTOR
Impact factor Average number of times published papers are cited up to two years after publication.
Immediacy Index Average number of times published papers are cited during year of publication.
TO SUM UP
1. There are Four Stages to a Successful Writing Process: Prewriting Text Development Revising Editing 2. The Three Most Important Characteristics of a Successful Writer are Personal Commitment to hard work
Self - Discipline
Perseverance. 3. Always Seek Comments about your Manuscript from at Least Two People who Will Provide Honest Feedback; then Utilize such Feedback to Improve Your Work.
TO SUM UP
4. A Successful Writer Acquires and Uses a Variety of Writing Resources. 5. You Should Visualize yourself Both as a Writer and as Involved in the Process of Writing an Article. 6. Identify the Kinds of Writing you Like to do and that you do Well. Use this Understanding as a Foundation on which you Build your Publication Efforts. 7. You Need to Determine the Tone, Mood, and Emphasis that Your Article will Take. 8. Think about a Subject for your Writing in various Ways to Fully Explore an Articles Possibilities. 9. You should Determine who is your Primary Audience. A Journal's Stylistic Guidelines often Provides such Information. 10.Have a Clear Purpose for Your Article. Write this Purpose Down if you can.
TO SUM UP
11. Be a Critic of your Own Writing, be as Objective as Possible, but be Fair with yourself. 12. Designate a Regular part of Each Week for your Writing and Establish Deadlines for Completing Aspects of the Writing Process. Discipline Yourself to meet your Schedule of Deadlines. 13. Design an Environment for your Normal Writing that is Compatible and Conducive to Success. 14. You should Understand well the Manuscript Submission Process that is Expected by the Journal to which you will Send your Article. 15. The Paragraph is the Primary Organizing Unit from which Most Writing Evolves.
TO SUM UP
16.The Basic Structural Elements of your Writing include Phrases within Sentences. 17.An Introductory Section should Grab the Reader's Attention while Establishing Writing Authority. 18.Edit your Article by Looking for Problems in Word Usage, Grammar, Spelling, and Clarity. 19.Believe in the Value of What you are Writing about in Terms of Making a Difference for Readers. 20.Timeliness of the Subject Matter about which you are Writing is Important to Most Journals.
TO SUM UP
21.Be Sure to Match the View Point you are taking with the Appropriate Journal. Many Journals Restrict their Articles to only a Few View Points. 22.Two Important References for Technical Support are a Dictionary (Hard Copy or Online) and Appropriate Stylistic Manual. 23.Pay Special Attention to Subject - Verb Agreement, as the Most Common Grammatical Problem is Lack of Agreement. 24. Over Time you Need to Develop a Style of Writing that is your Own. 25. Avoid the Over use of Jargon or Technical Language in your Article Unless the Audience Level Dictates such Use. 26. There are Several Text Effectiveness Criteria you should Apply to Each Article, Ranging from the Value or Timeliness of Content to the Tone or Readability of your Word.
PEER REVIEW
Review Process Scientists Purpose for Scientists by
as
PEER REVIEW
Where is Peer Review used?
Scientific Publication Grant Review Tenure Promotion