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Costs and benefits of IS applications Business value analysis Risk analysis Management issues
IS business value
The facts
IS business value
Opportunity study
What is the business problem? Who are the users? What are their expectations? What are the constraints? What if status quo?
IS business value
Opportunity study
IS business value
Business value analysis
Tangible benefits
Increased productivity Reduced workforce Lower operational costs Lower computer expenses Lower outside vendor costs Lower clerical and professional costs
IS business value
Business value analysis
Intangible benefits
Improved decision making Faster time to market Higher client satisfaction Increased organizational flexibility Increased organizational learning legal requirements attained Enhanced employee goodwill Increased job satisfaction
Hidden costs
Activities disruptions End users assistance Suppliers meetings Products assessment Bad quality of supports
Endusers training
BPR Change monitoring Failures corrections Activities disruptions Products assessment Endusers assistance Suppliers meetings Bad quality of supports
Badly recognized
costs
Hidden costs
IS business value
Business value analysis
Costs:
Capital expenses (hardware, software licenses), and developments, either internal or external, Operating expenses or overheads (training, consulting, maintenance, ..) Total cost ownership of PCs
IS business value
Business value analysis
IS business value
Business value analysis Good practice
IS business value
Business value analysis
Cash flow
benefits
costs
= Net benefit
Net benefit
Total initial investment
= ROI
Payment x
= Present value
Cost-Benefit Ratio
Total benefits Total costs
= Cost-benefit ratio
Profitability Index
= Profitability index
CAPITAL BUDGET:
PAYBACK METHOD: How long will it take to pay back the investment? RETURN ON INVESTMENT: Does return during useful life of an item exceed the cost to borrow money? COST-BENEFIT RATIO: Does the ratio of benefit versus cost exceed 1?
CAPITAL BUDGET
PROFITABILITY INDEX: What is the ratio of present value of cash inflow to initial investment? NET PRESENT VALUE: Accounting for cost, earnings & time value of money what is the investment worth? INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN: Accounting for the time value of money, what is the return rate of an investment?
An IS budgeting method
Look for a level of decomposition that is appropriate to the information that you have to hand and the time available to you Dont forget to estimate time for:
business justification
to agree on specifications with customers quality revues to select and install hardware, software, security features, recovery procedures.
IS business value
Business value analysis
Sensivity analysis
IS business value
risk analysis
Concerning IT
IS business value
risk analysis
Consequences of a poorly managed project:
IS business value
risk analysis
How to evaluate the level of cooperation and commitment to a project?
IS business value
risk analysis
Maturity of an IT product
Users strategy and suppliers strategy are in opposition: users focus continuity suppliers focus IT replacement
IS business value
risk analysis
Visibility
IT maturity curve
Java as language Datamarts Chip cards XML Vocal recognition IP Voice
Abyss of disillusions
Sunshine side
Profitable plateaus
IS business value
risk analysis
Risk levels factors
Project leader User cooperation Complexity of the demand Change intensity Management commitment Quality of the tools
X X 1 2 3 4 5
low
Full time X X X
high
no
IS business value
risk analysis Risk increases with the size of the project
30
avoid
C
A
B 0 100
Project size
PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO DETERMINE RISKS & BENEFITS
Determine desirable features, acceptable risks of required system Generate portfolio of characteristics, risks for each alternative Scoring model
Portfolio Analysis
An overall understanding of where the firm is making information technology investments
Based on inventory of all information systems projects and assets, including infrastructure, outsourcing contracts, and licenses
Assigns risk and benefit profiles to IS investments
Portfolio Analysis
SCORING MODEL
Identify desirable features Provide weights for each (add to 1.00) Look at each alternative: Which features are present? To what extent (as an amount)? Score the alternative Rank-order the alternatives Select highest ranked option
Scoring Models
Knowledge inputs can be measured in terms of learning time to master a new process, and a return on knowledge can be estimated
Some conclusions
Financial and non-financial models to assess business value of IS Shortcomings of financial models Potential of non-financial models for value assessment
Internalization of training program Continual updating of the system Promotion of key personnel Survival of system after turnover Attainment of widespread use
User involvement & influence Management support Level of complexity / risk Management of implementation process
USER-DESIGNER COMMUNICATIONS GAP Differences in backgrounds, interests, priorities Impede communication and problem solving Among end users and information systems specialists
USER CONCERNS
Will system deliver information I need? How quickly can I access data? How easily can I receive data? How much clerical support will I need for data entry? How will system operation fit into my daily business schedule?
DESIGNER CONCERNS
How much disk space will master file consume? How many lines of program code will this function take? How can we reduce CPU time? What is the most efficient way of storing this data? What database management system should we use?
IS business value
Good practices
Management issues
IS business value
Management issues
Good practices