A POWER POINT PRENTATION BY :

ANIRUDH GURNANI ECE-A (4TH YEAR)

SUMITTED TO :

Mr. S.S SHEKHAWAT HOD ECE DEPT.

It is an organisation within the Ministry of Civil Aviation(MOCA). The Airport Authority Of India operate most aspects of the airport (including Air Traffic Control). The Main Aim of this organization is to Aquainted with Communication , Navigational & Survillance. Owns the 122 airports, among which 11 are international 82 are domestic & 29 for defence airfield.

Ministry of Civil Aviation

Director General of Civil Aviation

Bureau of Civil Aviation Security

Airports Authority of India

Private Airports

Airlines

Indira Gandhi Rastriya Uran Academy Air Taxi

Civil Aviation Departme nt

Flying Clubs

Air India

Private Airlines

1.
2. 3.

COMMUNICATION
NAVIGATION SURVEILLANCE

4.

DATA PROCESSING

Communication refers to sending, receiving and processing of information by electronic means.

COMMUNICATION

GROUND TO AIR

GROUND TO GROUND

Communication Facilities:
VHF air to ground voice communication facilities. Digital Voice Tape Recorder. Dedicated Satellite Communication Network. Voice Communication System. Automatic Message Switching System.

MICROWAVE BANDS
Band Frequency Wave Length Description

12 GHz

1530 cm

long range air traffic control and surveillance; 'L' for 'long'

24 GHz

7.515 cm

terminal air traffic control, long-range weather, marine radar; 'S' for 'short'

812 GHz

2.53.75 cm

missile guidance, marine radar, weather, medium-resolution mapping and ground surveillance; in the USA the narrow range 10.525 GHz 25 MHz is used for airport radar. Named X band because the frequency was a secret during WW2.

S.NO

Description
LEDs (green, red) LEDs (green, red) LEDs (green, red, yellow)

Function
PSU module status TX/PA module status BB module status

1
2 3

The DT100 equipment can operate in the 108 to 156 MHz frequency band.

4 5
6 7 8 9

LCD Display 2x10 digits

Switch Switch Mini-DIN 8-pin connector RP17

Display on Control Panel

ON/OFF AC switch ON/OFF DC switch Test connector. Headset/ Microphone connector. Keyboard on Control Panel

Four control keys

The VHF RX has the function of selecting the desired signal at vhf frequencies from all the other unwanted signals, amplifying and demodulating it, and reproducing it in the actual shape / desired manner.

S.NO
1 2

Description
LEDs (green, red) LEDs (green, red, yellow) LCD Display 2x10 digits Mini-DIN 8-pin connector RP17

Function
RX module status BB module status

The DR100 equipment can operate in the 108 to 156 MHz frequency band.

Display on Control Panel Test connector

Headset/Microp hone connector Keyboard on Control Panel

Four control keys

DIGITAL VOICE TAPE RECORDER

Voice communication system is a switching system which connects the various Air traffic controller positions to various Air-to-ground and Ground-to-ground communication systems.
Voice switching and routing between the (A/G and G/G) communication systems and air traffic controller working positions is done using advanced microprocessor and DSPs

AMSS

AMSS stands for Automatic Message Switching System.

The AMSS works on the principle of Store and Forward. The AFTN (Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network ) is a works wide system of aeronautical fixed circuits provided for the exchange of massages and or digital data between aeronautical fixed stations.

Navigation is the 'ART' of determining the position of an aircraft over earth's surface and guiding its progress from one place to another.

To accomplish this ART, some sort of 'aids' are required by the PILOTS.
In the twentieth century, electronics also entered in the Aviation field. Direction finders and other navigational aids enabled the navigators to obtain 'Fixes' using electronic aids only. Hence such aids became more and more popular and came into extensive use.

NDB: Non Directional Beacon DME: Distance Measuring Equipment ILS: Instrument Landing System Satellite Navigation

GLIDE PATH LOCALIZER

DME

MARKER

VOR

NDB

GBAS

The main purpose of the VOR is to provide the navigational signals for an aircraft receiver, which will allow the pilot to determine the bearing of the aircraft to a VOR facility.

VOR enables the Air Traffic Controllers in the Area Control Radar (ARSR) and ASR for identifying the aircraft in their scopes easily. They can monitor whether aircraft are following the radials correctly or not.
VOR located outside the airfield on the extended Centre line of the runway would be useful for the aircraft for making a straight VOR approach.

VOR

= 0

= 270
VOR/DME

= 90

N 360

OBS = 360
VOR/DME

180

Distance Measuring Equipment is a vital navigational Aid, which provides a pilot with visual information regarding his position (distance) relative to the ground based DME station.

The facility even though possible to locate independently, normally it is collocated with either VOR or ILS.
The DME can be used with terminal VOR and holding VOR also. DME can be used with the ILS in an Airport; normally it is collocated with the Glide path component of ILS.

DME enables aircraft to establish its range to the ground station: Distance in nautical miles, Ground speed in knots, Flying time to the station in minutes

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) provides a means for safe landing of aircraft at airports under conditions of low ceilings and limited visibility. The use of the system materially reduces interruptions of service at airports resulting from bad weather by allowing operations to continue at lower weather minimums. The ILS also increases the traffic handling capacity of the airport under all weather conditions.

ILS Localizer

ILS GlideSlope
ILS-LOC

ILS-GS

ILS Marker (OM/MM)

DME

LLZ BLDG AIRCRAFT 4 NM OM Runway threshold 3500ft RUN WAY MM LLZ ANT 1000 to 1500ft

200 ft

1000ft
GP GP & DME ANTENNA

450ft

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM LAYOUT

The function of an ILS is to provide the PILOT or AUTOPILOT of a landing aircraft with the guidance to and along the surface of the runway. This guidance must be of very high integrity to ensure that each landing has a very high probability of success.
The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground installations, located in the vicinity of the runway, transmit coded signals in such a manner that pilot is given information indicating position of the aircraft with respect to correct approach path.

ILS : Instrument Landing System

ILS GP

ILS Localizer

Glide Path

Satellite Navigation

The act of watching or monitoring the behavior activities, or other changing information. Surveillance may be applied to observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment.

Radars are employed throughout the world for the purpose of safely controlling air traffic en-route and in the vicinity of airports.
Aircraft as well as vehicular traffic at large airports are monitored by means of high-resolution radar. Radar has also been used to guide aircraft to a safe landing in bad weather.

A. arrival B. departure C. vehicle D. aircraft E. heavy aircraft

Primary Radar

Secondary Radar

This is a system rendered between the Air Traffic Control Institutions and the aircraft to secure the safety and the mobility of aircraft by providing ground navigation or advice, information about aircraft and the airport weather condition.

It was a great experience at Airport Authority of India , New Delhi. During our training period we got an opportunity to see many of the equipment like the HHMD, DME, ILS, DFMD , VHF etc

Presented by Anirudh Gurnani