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Solid Waste
Solid wastes includes (content / partly on moisture and heating value) Garbage (food waste)
Rubbish (paper, plastics, wood, metal, throw-away containers, glass) Demolition products (bricks, concrete, pipes)
Dead animals, manure and other discarded materials.
Classification of Wastes
Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.
E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg distillaries, thermal power plants Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi
Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to consumption of contaminated foods Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the food movement in their stomach
STORAGE:- Galvanized steel dust bin with close fitting cover. COLLECTION :- Public Bins, House to house collection. (Dumping the refuse into the nearest public bins. Thrown in the street). TRANSPORT :- Dustless refuse collector (vehicles) - Western method
METHODS OF DISPOSAL
The Choice of Particular Method of Disposal depends upon the local factors like cost and availability of land and labour.
The principles methods of refuse disposal are :A. Open Dumping B. Controlled Tipping or Sanitary Landfill C. Incineration D. Composting
DUMPING : Refuses are dumped in low lying areas partially as a method of reclamation of land but mainly as an easy method of disposal of dry refuse.
Mechanism of Action: As a result of bacterial action, Refuse decreases considerably in volume and is converted into humus ( organic matter that has reached a point of stability).
OPEN DUMPING :-
They are open Minimum effort and expense Unsanitary and smelly Vermin and pests Contaminate soil, water and air Fire hazard
Each day trash is spread in thin layers Compacted down Covered with a soil layer Graded for drainage
Sanitary landfills have largely replaced open dumps.
Significantly reduces the volume of garbage Produces heat energy for generating electricity Materials such as batteries, glass etc. (NOT suitable for incineration) Causes air pollution Creates toxic ash and other solid waste
Composting:
Method of combined disposal of refuse and night soil or sludge.
It is a process of nature where organic matter breaks down under bacterial action resulting in formation of relatively stable humus like material called the Compost which has considerable value as a manure.
Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms. Benefits of recycling: -Reduce environmental degradation -Making money out of waste -Save energy that would have gone into waste handling & product manufacture Saving through recycling: -Making paper from waste saves 50% energy -Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to 100 litres of oil
Collection of waste
Technological interventions Institutions & regulatory framework Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute