Ashok Basnet 062/DCT/407 Bishnu Parajulli 062/DCT/410 Ishwor Pd.

Rijal 062/DCT/416 Kabindra Kaji Bajrachraya 062/DCT/419 Kiran Karki 062/DCT/420 Krishna Bdr Shrestha 062/DCT/421 Mohan Pandey 062/DCT/422 Ramhari Regmi 062/DCT/430

Raju Pandey

& Pravin shakya

Introduction

Objectives
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. To be familiar with image processing technique for detection of Number plate area. To be familiar with OCR. To be familiar with MATLAB software. To interface hardware using parallel port of the computer. To develop a line tracking robot which can move in a guided track and detect the closed door. To be familiar with Microcontroller and related components for building automatic robot. To know assembly level programming language and implement it in ALR. To develop a security system.

(SIMPLY INTRODUCTION)
1.MAT LAB 2. OCR (Optical Capturing Recognizer) 3. PARALLEL PORT 4. ALGORITHM: Convert Image into Binary Detecting Number Plate Area Software Hardware ALR (Automatic Line Tracking Robert) Image Processing Parallel Port Data Control

5. REQUIREMENT:

6. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM:

7. DESIGN: DFD (Data Flow Diagram)(0,1) ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) 8. AUTOMATIC LINE-TRACKING ROBORT 9. SYSTEM 10. ESTIMATED COST 11. DISCUSSION SND CONCLUSION

Introduction

Massive integration of information technologies into all aspects of modern life caused demand for processing vehicles as conceptual resources in information systems. Because a standalone information system without any data has no sense, there was also a need to transform information about vehicles between the reality and information systems. This can be achieved by a human agent, or by special intelligent equipment which is be able to recognize vehicles by their number plates in a real environment and reflect it into conceptual resources. Because of this, various recognition techniques have been developed and number plate recognition systems are today used in various traffic and security applications, such as parking, access and border control, or tracking of stolen cars. In entrance gate, number plates are used to identify the vehicles. When a vehicle enters an input gate, number plate is automatically recognized and stored in database and black-listed number is not given permission. When a vehicle later exits the place through the gate, number plate is recognized again and paired with the first-one stored in the database and it is taken a count. Automatic number plate recognition systems can be used in access control. For example, this technology is used in many companies to grant access only to vehicles of authorized personnel. In some countries, ANPR systems installed on country borders automatically detect and monitor border crossings. Each vehicle can be registered in a central database and compared to a black list of stolen vehicles. In traffic control, vehicles can be directed to different lanes for a better congestion control in busy urban communications during the rush hours. Automatic Line Tracking Robot (ALR) is used in this project as a vehicle which contains circuitry for moving in a guided track. It will have mechanism to detect the opened and closed door. It also will have capacity to park in the given parking area.

Requirements
Software requirement
MATLAB R2008a Windows xp Webcam Driver

Hardware requirement
PC Automatic line tracking robot Webcam

System Block Diagram

System
System Block Diagram
Image Processing ALR [as vehicle] Web camera
Capturing

Conditioning

Detection Segmentation

Identification

Template

Door Control

Parallel Port

Save

Design

Design
1.DATA FLOW DIAGRAM Level O DFD (context diagram) Level 1 DFD

2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Level 0 DFD
Level 0 DFD vehicle
Vehicle no. & other info Either permission for entrance or rejection order

Automatic No.plate recognition system

D .s a at no is at st of Li st

tic s

Computer

Database

Level 1 DFD
Level 1 DFD
2.0 Collection of info about vehicle
Information related with vehicle

vehicle

Permission to enter or leave

Vehicle registration request

Arrival information

1.0 Enrolment of Vehicle

Vehicle information

Arrival information file

5.0
Vehicle records

Vehicle Record file

Vehicle records

Open door either to enter or exit

Vehicle records

Vehicle records

Computer

List of vehicle

3.0 Produces either restriction or allow to enter

4.0 Produce summary report

Summary report

Database

Entity Relationship Diagram

Vehicle_brand Owner_address Vehicle_no. Vehicle_color

Resolution Camera_no

size Brand

vehicle

Extracts_info

Camera

Monitors

Serves_info

Door controller
Controller_no size

Serves instruction

Computer
computer_name IP address
memory
Processor speed

capacity

capacity
storage

Image Processing and Matlab

Matlab

Matlab is an abbreviation of Matrix Laboratory. It is a popular Mathematical Programming Environment used extensively in Education as well as in Industry. The trick behind Matlab is that everything is represented in the form of arrays or matrices. Mathematical Operations starting from simple algebra to complex calculus may be conveniently carried out using this environment. The main use of Matlab in Software Development is Algorithm Design and Development. Code developed in Matlab can be converted into C, C++ or Visual C++. Additionally Matlab may be called as ActiveX Object from still higher level languages like Visual Basic, etc.

Image Processing

Image Processing generally involves extraction of useful information from an image. This useful information may be the dimensions of an engineering component, size of diagnosed tumor, or even a 3D view of an unborn baby. The main areas of application of Image Processing are Bio-Medical, Engineering, Quality Control, Face Detection , Traffic Control etc.

Image Processing (contd.)

Source Image Formatting

Conditioning

Observed Image

Labeling

Conditioned Image Labeled Image

Grouping Extracting

Grouped Image

Target Image

Matching

Extracted Image

Templates

Image Processing in Matlab

Images can be conveniently represented as matrices in Matlab. One can open an image as a matrix using imread command. The matrix may simply be m x n form or it may be 3 dimensional array or it may be an indexed matrix, depending upon image type. The image processing may be done simply by matrix calculation or matrix manipulation. Image may be displayed with imshow command. Changes image may then be saved with imwrite command.

Algorithms

System Algorithm
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Input image from webcam. Convert image into binary. Detect number plate area. Segmentation. Number identification. Save to file in given format

Algo: Input Image

1. Capture image from webcam. 2. Store the captured image into a image file for further processing.

Algo: Convert Image into Binary

1.Identify the intensity of the image. If image intensity = high Reduce intensity Else if intensity = low Increase intensity Else No change.
2.Convert image into grayscale. 3.Calculate appropriate threshold value for the image. 4.Convert the image into binary image using the calculated threshold.

Algo: Detecting Number plate area

1.Fill small holes including numbers of Number plate so that number plate area will be large to isolate from figure. 2.Determine width and height of the image. 3.Scan each pixel of line counting number of white pixels in the following system, If number of white pixels < x; pixels become black Else; no change If number of white pixels > y; pixels become black Else; no change The value of x and y may be changed according the image intensity and plate area. 4. Use the step no. 3 for both horizontal and vertical direction. 5.Check number of possible areas. 6. Logically AND with binary image obtained at Convert image into binary algorithm. 7.Crop the required area.

Algo: Segmentation

1. Filter the noise level present in the image. 2. Clip the plate area in such a way that only numbers of plate area extracted. 3. Separate each character from the plate.

Algo: Number Identification

1. 2. 3. 4. Create the template file from the stored template images. Resize image obtained from segmentation to the size of template. Compare each character with the templates. Store the best matched character.

Algo: Save to file in given format

1. Open a text file in write mode. 2. Store the character obtained from the number identification process to text file in given format. 3. Close the file.

Parallel Port Interfacing

Parallel Port

Parallel communication requires as much wires as the no. of bits in a word for its transmission. Parallel port is generally a 25 pin female connector with which a printer is usually attached.

Pin Configuration of Parallel Port

Pin Assignment
Pin No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Signal name nStrobe Data0 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Data5 Data6 Direction Out In/Out In/Out In/Out In/Out In/Out In/Out In/Out Register - bit Control-0 Data-0 Data-1 Data-2 Data-3 Data-4 Data-5 Data-6 Inverte d Yes No No No No No No No

9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Data7
nAck Busy Paper-Out Select Linefeed nError nInitialize nSelect-Printer

In/Out
In In In In Out In Out Out

Data-7
Status-6 Status-7 Status-5 Status-4 Control-1 Status-3 Control-2 Control-3

No
No Yes No No Yes No No Yes

18-25

Ground

Interfacing System using Parallel Port

Computer Instruction For Door Control

Computer Parallel Port

Inverting Buffer (CD4049)

Darlington Pair IC (ULN2003)

Door Mechanism

H- bridge DPDT Relay

Automatic Line Tracking Robot(ALR)

Line Tracking Robot

Input from Sensor

Comparator (LM324)

AT89s52 Microcontroller

Inverting Buffer IC (CD4049)

Motors

Relay

Darlington Pair IC (ULN2003)

Limitations

Limitations

Recognizes only specified font (Times New Roman) number plate only. Cant clearly recognize or distinguish character like B and 8, 2 and Z , 0 and O etc. The distance of image captured is also limited. Lighting Conditions greatly effect the image processing.

Cost Estimation

Effort Cost= Rs.150000 Software requirements=Rs.2500 Hardware Requirements=Rs.6000 Internet Surfing= Rs.2000 Reference materials bought=Rs.5000 Transportation Cost=Rs.1000 Communication Cost=Rs.1000 Total cost = Rs. 1,67,500/-

Conclusion and Discussion

To our project Supervisor Mr. Raju Pandey & Mr.Pravin Shakya The Department of Computer and Electronics All the Supporting Teachers in our Project