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Module 5 Session 7
Summary
This session covers the aspects of project implementation and management from activation onwards, including factors that affect project implementation. Project management as a concept is considered. The characteristic of a good project manager are discussed.
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Contents
Introduction to Project Implementation Project Activation Project Operation Approaches to Project Implementation Project Implementation Plan Factors Affecting Project Implementation Project Management Defined Aspects of Project Management Characteristics of a good Project Manager
Project Implementation
Process whereby project inputs are converted to project outputs. May be looked at as:
Putting in action the activities of the project. Putting into practice what was proposed in the project document (i.e. transforming the project proposal into the actual project.) Management of the project or executing the project intentions.
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Project activation
Project operation
To attain value and maximum returns, the district/municipality or the beneficiaries organize for the facility to have the project properly managed and maintained regularly. An operation and maintenance manual is prepared by the contractor and handed to the district / beneficiaries.
Implementation mainly done by agencies from outside the community with limited involvement by the beneficiaries.
Bottom-up approach
Beneficiaries implement the project. Outside agencies may provide the financial resources and technical assistance.
Both top-down and bottom-up approaches to project implementation are applied in the process.
If PIP not carried out during the project design process and embodied in the project documents, it is carried out at the project activation stage.
What activities can produce expected project outputs? What is the sequence of these activities? What is the time frame for these activities? Who will be responsible for carrying out each activity?
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The Gantt chart is also referred to as the progress chart. It is a chart showing the timing of project activities using horizontal bars. It is one of the techniques of project scheduling, which depicts the frequency of activities and determines the period of time for implementation.
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Determine the parts or implementation phases of the project and the sequence in which the associated activities shall be carried out Then estimate the amount of time required for each activity List the activities that can be carried out at the same time and identify those to be carried out sequentially
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Time represented on the horizontal axis, and activities on the vertical axis. Bars are entered to indicate the time period allocated for each activity and the state of progress at any particular point in time.
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Marketing
Threshing Harvesting Weeding Planting Preparing seedbed
J F M A M J J A S Time period/ months O N D
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Practical
Develop a Gantt chart Simple Format project implementation schedules in relation to the identified projects in the project identification session.
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Project structure for purposes of management Qualifications and skills for the staff Job descriptions and specifications for the staff Technical assistance if needed
e) Financial management
This looks at funds management, accounting period, financial reports and statements and how often they will be made?
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Practical
Using the Project Activity Time Listing, develop a Project Activity Time Listing table in relation to the Identified project in project identification session, and fill it in.
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Political Commitment Simplicity of Design Careful preparation Good management Involvement of beneficiaries/community
Factors and problems that lead to failure of projects Financial Problems Management problems Technical problems Political problems
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Poor scheduling of projects leading to delays in Poor scheduling of projects leading to delays in implementation. Misallocation of funds Delay and sometimes lack of counterpart funding Lack of accountability and transparency Bureaucracy in decision-making. Selfishness/nepotism/favoritism by some project managers.
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Weak monitoring systems Natural calamities like drought, earthquakes, landslides, and hailstorms. Policy changes Migration of beneficiaries Lack of team work Lack of incentives for implementers. etc
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Project management
Management may be defined as; Getting things done from the available resources, the way you want them to be done.
Project management defined Project Management is an all-embracing term covering the management of every detail of a project (Project cycle) and may be defined as, the process of planning and directing a project from its inception to its final completion.
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have working knowledge in several fields be able to understand general managerial problems have active interest in training and developing subordinates be able to delegate some tasks to subordinates
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know the project and understand its objectives know the systematic process for managing projects be able to answer the following questions:
What is the project for? Why is it required? Whom does it serve? How is it justified? How is it going to be used?
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