By D

Important Points
What is Perception ?
The Perceptual Process Perceptual Selection

Person Perception
Impression Management Perceptual Errors Halo Effect Self fulfilling Prophecy Attributions Why People Behave As They Do

What is perception ?
Perception is the process by which people select,

organize, interpret, and respond to information from the world around them. It is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

What is perceptual process ?

The

mechanism through which the organism/individual converts a sense impression to perception by adding knowledge and meaning to it is called the process of perception.

The Perceptual Process

Objects in the persons environment Observation

Perceptual Selection

Perceptual Organization

Interpretation

Response

Perceptual Selection
The Phone is ringing, a dog is barking outside, your

TV is blaring and your smell coffee brew Which will you pay attention to ? Perceptual selection depends on several factors, some of which are in the external environment and some of which are internal to the perceiver.

External Factors
Size The larger the object the more likely it is to be

perceived. Intensity The more intense an external factor (bright light or lod noise) the more likely it is to be perceived. Contrast Contrast of objects with others or with their backgrounds may influence how they are perciving. Motion A moving factor is more likely to be perceived than a stationary factor. Repetition A repeated factor is more likely to be noticed than a single factor. Novelty and Familiarity A familiar and novel factor in the environment can attract attention.

Contrast Principle of Perception

Internal Factors
Personality
Learning Motivation

What is person perception ?

Person Perception is the process by which

individuals attribute characteristics or traits to other people.

Person Perception
The Perceived When perceiving someone, you need

to be aware of various cues facial expression, general appearance, skin colour, posture age ,gender, voice, quality behaviours etc. The Perceiver A persons personality traits, attitude, values, current mood, past experiences etc. determine in part that person perceives someone else. The Situation- The situation also influences how one person perceives another.

Impression Management
It is an attempt by an individual to manipulate or

control the impressions that others form about them. People in organizations use several impression management tactics to affect how others perceive them.

Impression Management Tactics

TACTIC Behaviopur matching DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Person matches his Employee tries to behaviour to that of the imitate her managers perceiver behaviour by being aggressive The person tries to present Employee reminds his herself in as positive a light boss about his past as possible accomplishments and associates with coworkers.

Self promotion

Continued
TACTIC Conforming to norms DESCRIPTION Person follows agreed upon norms for behaviour in the organization. The person compliments others. Persons beliefs and behaviours are consistent EXAMPLE Employee stays late at night even if she has completed all her assignments. Employee compliments manager on his excellent handling of a customer Subordinate whose views on diversity are well known flatters her boss for handling of a conflict between two coworkers.

Flattering others

Being consistent

Attributions : Why people behave as they do ?

The attribution process refers to the ways in which

people come to understand the causes of their own and others behaviour.

Attribution Theory
Distinctiveness External & Internal

Individual

Consensus

External & Internal

Consistency

External & Internal

The Attribution Process

Distinctiveness It is the degree to which a person

behaves similarly in different situations. Consensus It is the degree to which other people are engaging in the same behaviour. Consistency _It is the degree to which a person engages in the same behaviour at different times.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy
It is the tendency for someones expectations about

another to cause that individual to behave in a manner consistent with these expectations. A manager needs to do the following : 1) recognize that everyone has the potential to increase his or her performance 2) Set high performance goals 3) Positively reinforce the employees for job well done.4) become aware of personal prejudices.

Importance of Perception in OB
Successful Managers understand the importance of

Perception as an influencing factor on behaviour and they act accordingly. A manager who is skilled in the perception process will : 1) Have a high level of self awareness 2) Seek information from various sources to confirm or disconfirm personal impression of a decision. Be empathetic Influence perceptions of other people when they are drawing incorrect or incomplete impressions of events.

Continuing
Avoid common perceptual distortions that bias our

views of people. Avoid inappropriate attributions Diversity Management Programmes Know yourself

Thank You