What will happen if a persons diet is not balanced???

Excess carbohydrates and lipids?

Health problems
Obesity

Protein deficiency & lack of energy providing nutrients?

Marasmus

High level of cholesterol?

Diabetes mellitus

Increase amount of salts?

High blood pressure

Obesity

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

Insufficient protein

Why ? ? ?
MalnutrItIon
Unbalanced diet in which certain nutrients are > lacking -> in excess or -> wrong proportions

Malnutrition is???
A condition caused by unbalanced diet

Eating either too little or too much food (overnutrition)

A diet missing in one or more important nutrients

The Effects of Malnutrition

The diseases and symptoms caused by nutrient deficiency:
Nutrient deficient Protein Deficiency disease and symptoms Kwashiorkor usually happens to children less than 5 years old. Victims suffer from lethargy (tiredness), oedema (swelling of legs due to water retention), diarrhoea and a swollen abdomen. their growth is stunted.

Protein and energy

Marasmus caused by severe protein and energy defiency marasmus child becomes skinny and stunted

Rickets soft bones that can be easily broken Dietary fibre Water causes constipation risks of intestine and colon cancers difficult to pass motion

causes constipation osmotic pressure of internal environment increases difficult to pass motion cells dehydrate; kidneys fail to function, leading to death

Carbohy drate Calcium

Results in the breakdown of body proteins to supply glucose and energy Osteoporosis causes the bones to become brittle, porous and crack easily. if not treated, bones will fracture easily, especially at the hips, backbone and wrists.

The effect of taking excess nutrient:

Nutrient taken excess Carbohydrate

Effect causes overweight and obesity, which in turn may lead to hypertension, heart diseases, and diabetes causes dental caries increases the risks of heart diseases leads to a loss of calcium very taxing on the kidneys during excretion increases water consumption needed to excrete nitrogenous wastes

Protein

Lipid

excess fat is stored in adipose tissue, causing obesity taking excess saturated fats (animal fat, diary products, and coconut oil) increases the blood cholesterol level cholesterol deposits on wall of blood vessel narrowing it, contributing to cardiovascular diseases fats also increase the risk of cancer growth

Vitamin: A

vitamin poisoning caused by taking too much vitamins, causing toxic symptoms

birth defects liver problems bone mineral density reduces causing osteoporosis

B6 C D E K Mineral salts: Sodium Potassium Iodine Iron

large doses may cause nerve problems large doses may cause diarrhoea and nausea

vitamin D is fat-soluble and accumulates in the body, and overdoses are dangerous

vitamin E is fat-soluble, so there is a risk of overdose

large doses cause problems to red blood cells, and may cause brain damage to a babys brain mineral toxicity occurs when there is an overdose, causing negative effects to a persons health

causes hypertension leading to heart disease and stroke causes oedema (excess water retention in body tissues)

overdose is highly toxic, disturbing heart rate and may cause death

disrupt the production of thyroxine, reducing its level in blood circulation, causing goitre

causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pains, cramps and death

Calcium

causes calcium phosphate salt to deposit in soft tissues of the body causes disruption to the heart

Zinc Water

causes poisoning symptoms

causes water toxicity or water intoxication rarely, but possible to happen happens when there is too much intake of water, coupled by the inability of the kidneys to excrete excess water the symptoms are confusion, cramps and in extreme cases leads to death

Dietary Health Problem

Cardiovascular system- made up of the heart, blood vessels and the blood A collection of diseases and conditions affecting: - heart (cardio) - blood vessels (vascular) arteries, veins and capillaries

Cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular conditions: -Coronary artery disease: disease of arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood -heart attack: a sudden heart failure or the stopping of normal heart function -heart failure: heart cannot pump enough blood to the tissues and organs of the body -arteriosclerosis: process of thickening and hardening artery walls caused by deposits of cholesterol and calcium -stroke: sudden death of brain cells when blood supply to the blood cells is cut off -high blood pressure: excessive force of blood pumping through blood vessels

Risks factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease

Ways to reduce the chance of contracting cardiovascular disease

Smoking

Stop smoking

High blood pressure

Reduce high blood pressure Reduce the intake of cholesterol by following a diet that is low in saturated fats

High cholesterol

Physical inactivity

Exercise daily

Obesity

Reduce the intake of high energy foods (carbohydrates and lipids)

Control the intake of sugar (diabetic patients needs insulin treatment)

Diabetes mellitus

Reducing the Effects of Health Problems

High blood pressure

Osteoporosis

Health problems/disease caused by malnutrition

Diabetes mellitus

Reducing the Risk of High Blood pressure

Blood pressure measures the forces applied against the arterial wall as the heart pumps blood through the body. Expressed as: (systolic/diastolic mm Hg). Systolic pressure the pressure on the arteries as the heart contract and pumps blood into the arteries. Diastolic pressure the pressure on the arteries as the heart relaxes after the contraction. Normal blood pressure for adults 120/80 mm Hg, meaning that the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg, while the diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg. High blood pressure or hypertension - happens when blood pressure remains abnormally high at 140/90 mm Hg or greater.

Changing lifestyle: Reduce sodium intake reducing salt has a significant effect on lowering the blood pressure. Eat less processed meat product (contain high levels of sodium) Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Through medication: Eat only fat-free and low-fat dairy There are many different Approaches to products. types of medicines called reduce the chance Eat less red meat (contain large anti-hypersensitive drugs of getting amounts of saturated fats. that can be used to treat high high blood Avoid alcohol (raises the blood pressure) blood pressure. pressure Reduce weight blood pressure often drops by losing weight. Avoid smoking as nicotine in cigarettes and tobacco causes blood vessels to constrict and the heart to beat faster, thus raising blood pressure.

Reducing the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus

High level of sugar in the blood (used in cell respiration to produce energy), can seriously affect other body system. Insulin a hormone made by pancreas to regulate the amount of glucose in blood. It lowers and maintains the blood glucose level within a tolerable range. Diabetes Mellitus suffered by anyone when body: >> does not make enough insulin >> is not able to use the insulin being made by body When excess glucose is not effectively removed, it causes hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level) leading to spillage of glucose into urine. Diabetes mellitus can lead to: >> blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage >> hardening and narrowing of the arteries (arteriosclerosis), leading to strokes, coronary heart diseases and so on.

Ways to reduce risks of diabetes mellitus

Through medication

Changing lifestyle
Physical exercise helps muscle to increase glucose utilisation, lowers the blood glucose level
Take more dietary fibre- helps To control the blood sugar (slowing The absorption of carbohydrates

Oral medicine can be taken to stimulate the pancreas to secrete additional insulin, if pancreas does not make enough insulin

Some patients require insulin injection

Avoid taking too much sugars

Avoid smoking

CONCLUSION

a)

Malnutrition is caused by a diet lacking in one or more nutrients, which can be caused by fasting or overnutrition.

b)

Malnutrition causes deficiency disease, while overnutrition has its negative effect, too.

Negative effect causes by deficiency food

a) Many risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and ways of reducing these risk.
b) Risk of contracting hypertension diabetes, and osteoporosis can be reduces by changing ones lifestyle, or treated through medication.