Escolar Documentos
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Dr A.Kostrzewski
(Beti Wyn Evans)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Explain what is a case study? Describe the purpose of the case study as a research tool Describe the use in research
What is it ?
INTENSIVE ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE CASE
OFTEN ONLY A PILOT PRIOR TO AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.
What is it ?
enquiry
qualitative and/or quantitative single or multiple measured at one or multiple time points
What is a case?
A SINGLE EVENT
What is a case?
SINGLE CASE STUDY
Unique no others Unavailable to previous authors Pilot for a multi-case study Illustrates all the propositions of the study
TYPES OF CASES
(snapshot)
(longitudinal)
1 entity, 2 time points separated by an event (pre-post) Multiple entities and designs (patchwork)
Report extreme cases (e.g. case reports of side effects), or critical incidents
CRITIQUE
ADVANTAGES
Unique prompt new areas Challenge an assumed theory e.g. assume that language must be heared to be learned, but case of an isolated child learning a language Data pool to identify common factors Insight richness could not imagine the special experiences of the person studied.
DISADVANTAGES
Reliability - Generalizability Observer interaction closeness of the relationship.
Subjective selection not present all the data, only what researcher thinks is relevant.
Coolican H 2009
USE IN RESEARCH
Method used in
A 77-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of painful swelling of his right elbow, which was also red, warm, and tender. When pressure was applied, a toothpastelike, white, chalky substance was easily expressible (Panel A). Four weeks earlier, palliative therapy with sorafenib had been started for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. The patient reported that he was not taking any other medications and had no history of joint symptoms other than a compound fracture of the right elbow 30 years earlier. The serum creatinine and uric acid levels were slightly elevated Thomas W, Isabella F (2009) Gouty Tophi NEJM 361:e49,(21)
Preparation
Is it the appropriate research method? Which approach to use? How? Developing data collection tools
Obtaining evidence
Critical incidents
Examples?
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
How do pharmacists complete their CPD portfolios? How does undertaking CPD affect pharmacists practice? What is the value of portfolios to pharmacy students? (MPharm project)
EXAMPLE
Coninx R, Pfyffer GE, Methieu C et al. (1998) Drug resistant tuberculosis in prisons in Azerbaijan: case study. BMJ;316:1423-5
Aim of study:
Document existence and extent of multidrug resistance to TB medication, in a treatment centre for prisoners in Azerbaijan in which directly observed treatment was used
EXAMPLE
Method
Sputum analysis and susceptibility testing for patients not responding to 8 weeks treatment, and new cases (patients from whom sputum was obtained before starting treatment)
Results
Non-responders: 89% multidrug resistant, 0 fully susceptible New cases: 24% multidrug resistant, 32% fully susceptible
Therefore this case study identified existence and extent of multidrug resistance in the population studied
EXAMPLE
Overcoming barriers to the implementation of a pharmacy bar code scanning system for medication dispensing: a case study.
EXAMPLE
Development of a qualitative exploratory case study research method to explore sustained delivery of cognitive services.
Kaae S, Sondergaard B,Haugbolle LS, Traulsen JM (2009) Pharm World Sci. Oct 13
EXAMPLE
Thrombocytopenia from combination treatment with oseltamivir and probenecid: case report, MedWatch data summary, and review of the literature.
Could you use the case study method in your own MPharm research project?
Students planning a laboratory-based project talk to a peer undertaking a practice project
Summary
References
Yin RK. (2003). Case study research. Design and methods. 3rd edition. SAGE publications; London. Keen J, Packwood T (1995). Qualitative research: case study evaluation. BMJ 311;444-6.