Quotation

Stuart Hampshire : (British philosopher) We should look in society not for consensus, but for in eliminable and acceptable conflicts, and for rationally controlled hostilities, as the normal condition of mankind. Harmony and inner consensus come with death.

Conflict
Conflict is a natural and inevitable part of all human social relationships. Conflict occurs at all levels of society intrapsychic, interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, international and intranational. Change is accompanied by perceptual and behavioral lag. People with different beliefs, values and expectations virtually live in different worlds. More they talk, more they experience frustration and hostility which may result in violent conflict.

Conflict Management
This course will deal with dynamics of conflict and cooperative process of conflict management, negotiation, meditation, facilitation, problem solving, and conflict resolution. Humans have 400 emotions. Four are primary emotions:
Fear Anger Depression Satisfaction

 There are two ways of conflict management:

Competitive Cooperative

Move away from globicide. Internal violent conflicts may result into globicide (destroying the world).

Forms of resolving conflict

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Negotiation Meditation Conciliation Arbitration Adjudication

Interdependent relationship
Interdependent relationship has two types:
Contrient interdependence. Promotive interdependence.

Contrient interdependence. Defined meeting one partys goals is seen to harm the other partys goals. Zero-sum situations are those seen by the parties as perfectly contrient the more one party is benefited the more the other is harmed. In other words, benefit sums to zero. But interdependence may also be positive known as promotive interdependence.

Interdependent relationship
Promotive interdependence:
Defined meeting one partys goals is seen to promote the other partys goals. Virtually ALL conflicts combine promotive and contrient interdependence.

An interpersonal conflict in which both the promotive and contrient aspects of interdependence are recognized is known as a mixed-motive situation.

Parties to Conflict
Disputants:

In the interpersonal conflict, people who have incompatible goals are called disputants. Disputants may be individuals, groups, corporations, congregations, communities, nations, collective of people, any entity, two ideas ,values ,raise of behaviors ,or manners.

Mediation
Neutral

Disputant

Disputant

Persuade directions

Assist directions

Decision makers

Other participants

Negotiation with Agents or Advocates

Agent or advocate Agent or advocate

Disputant

Disputant

Decision makers Persuade directions

Other participants

Parties to Conflict
Agents:
One who acts on behalf of a disputant.
Advocate (A kind of an agent).

Dispute
Dispute is a disagreement .

Dispute Resolution
The methods that people use to resolve interpersonal conflicts.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

Dispute resolution processes used in the resolution of legal, commercial, and other interpersonal conflicts.
Other than litigation. Other than doing nothing. Other than illegal or violent means.

Alternative Dispute Resolution, or ADR, is a way of resolving disputes without going to court.

Advantages of ADR
Less Destructive. Less formal. Less costly. Less time-consuming than going to court. Results are specific to your needs.

Factors that Distinguish Dispute Resolution Processes

Who decides the outcome? Who participates in the process? Under what auspices is the process provided?

Negotiation and Adjudication

Negotiation: Dialogue or communication aimed at settling interpersonal conflict.

Adjudication: Process in which neutral third party renders binding decision in interpersonal conflict.

Negotiation
Approaches to negotiation:

Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce and parenting . The advocates approach: A fixed pie. Zero-sum. The win/win negotiators approach: Underlying necessary interests and requirements Art of negotiation. Emotions in negotiation.

Emotions in negotiation
Humans have 400 emotions. Four are primary emotions:
Fear. Depression. Anger. Satisfaction or Happiness.

 Conflicts are part of life. The main issue is: How to resolve conflicts?