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Highway Pavement
Highway pavements are divided into two main categories: rigid and flexible. Rigid pavement is made of Portland cement concrete, meanwhile flexible pavement is constructed of bituminous materials. Moreover, flexible pavement are divided into three subgroups: high type, intermediate type, and low type.
High-type pavement have wearing surfaces that adequately support the expected traffic load without visible distress due to fatigue and are not susceptible to weather conditions. Intermediate-type pavements have wearing surfaces that range from surface treated to those with qualities just below that of high-type pavements. Low-type pavements are used mainly for low-cost roads and have wearing surfaces that range from untreated to loose natural materials to surface-treated earth.
Source: Nicholas J. Garber and Lester A. Hoel (2002), Traffic and Highway Engineering
English for Civil Engineering 3
Comparison
Rigid pavement
Wearing surface is made of Portland cement concrete. As a beam over any irregularities in the underlying supporting material.
Flexible pavement
Wearing surface is constructed of bituminous materials. The underlying supporting material consists of multiple layer of foundation such as a layer of granular materials, a layer of a mixture of coarse and fine materials, and a layer of sub-grade/soil prepared.
Source: Nicholas J. Garber and Lester A. Hoel (2002), Traffic and Highway Engineering
English for Civil Engineering 4
Source: J.D. Fricker & R.K. Whitford (2004) Fundamentals of Transportation Engineering: Multimodal Systems Approach
English for Civil Engineering 5
Note the spreading of the stress distribution as the pavement flexes under the wheel load
Subbase Course
Subgrade/Soil
Source: J.D. Fricker & R.K. Whitford (2004) Fundamentals of Transportation Engineering: Multimodal Systems Approach
English for Civil Engineering 6