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INTRODUCTION TO

NETWORKING IN LINUX
BASIC CONCEPTS AND DESIGNING OF NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

ESSENTIAL PROTOCOLS USED IN NETWORKING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

HTTP TCP IP OSPF ARP FTP UDP IGRP

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROTOCOLS

Ethernet - Provides for transport of information between physical locations on ethernet cable. Data is passed in ethernet packets IP - Internet Protocol (IP). Except for ARP and RARP all protocols' data packets will be packaged into an IP data packet. Provides the mechanism to use software to address and manage data packets being sent to computers. ICMP - Internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides management and error reporting to help manage the process of sending data between computers.

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ARP - Address resolution protocol (ARP) enables the packaging of IP data into ethernet packages. It is the system and messaging protocol that is used to find the ethernet (hardware) address from a specific IP number. Without this protocol, the ethernet package could not be generated from the IP package, because the ethernet address could not be determined.

TCP - A reliable connection oriented protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers.
UDP - An unreliable connection less protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. DNS - Domain Name Service, allows the network to determine IP addresses from names and vice versa.

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DHCP - Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) is a method of assigning and controlling the IP addresses of computers on a given network. It is a server based service that automatically assigns IP numbers when a computer boots. This way the IP address of a computer does not need to be assigned manually. IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol used to support multicasting. RIP - Routing Information Protocol (RIP), used to dynamically update router tables on WANs or the internet. OSPF - Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) dynamic routing protocol. BGP - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). A dynamic router protocol to communicate between routers on different systems. CIDR - Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR).

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FTP - File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Allows file transfer between two computers with login required. SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). NFS - Network File System (NFS). A protocol that allows UNIX and Linux systems remotely mount each other's file systems. Telnet - A method of opening a user session on a remote host. Ping - A program that uses ICMP to send diagnostic messages to other computers to tell if they are reachable over the network. Rlogin - Remote login between UNIX hosts. This is outdated and is replaced by Telnet.

NIC (NETWORK INTERFACE CONTROLLER)

A network interface controller (NIC) (also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet, WiFi or Token Ring. This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among small groups of computers on the same LAN and largescale network communications through routable protocols, such as IP.

NIC CHIP

DESIGN OF LAN NETWORK


Lan is designed within an area of 1-2 km. We need to have atleast one NIC card /ethernet card fabricated on our mother board. The adapter need to be installed to enable NIC chip on the workstation. We configure IP settings (presently IPv4 -32 bit number) of each host within the network. We will assign unique private IP to each host in the network. All IPs should belong to same network.

TELNET FOR REMOTE ACCESS


TURN ON TELNET CLIENT AND TELNET SERVER IN WINDOWS FEATURES. Use command pkgmgr/iu:TelnetClient Use command pkgmgr/iu:TelnetServer sudo apt-get install telnetd REMOTE PC SHOULD BE ON. USE PING COMMAND TO CHECK THE STATUS OF REMOTE PC. DO TELNET <IP ADDRESS> LOGIN VIA ANOTHER USER (should not be the root.) BECOME SUPERUSER BY su TYPE PASSWORD

TELNET CONTINUED

NOW YOU ARE INSIDE THE TERMINAL OF YOUR REMOTE PC. YOU CAN TYPE EXIT TO GET OUT OF YOUR REMOTE SERVER ANYTIME. RESTRICTION : ONE CAN ONLY ACCESS REMOTE SERVER AS A CLI INTERFACE. WE USE RPC CALLS AND SOFTWARES LIKE >TEAM VIEWER 7 > MIKOGO For remote access, desktop sharing etc which are GUI based and use RPC calls.

SITES TO LEARN NETWORKS

http://class.stanford.edu/networking/Fall2012 http://www.nettech.in/course/ http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IITMADRAS/Computer_Networks/index.php https://www.coursera.org/course/comnetwork s

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