3G EDGE

GPRS
HSCSD GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile) - is known as a 2G (second generation) digital. GSM has maximum data speeds of 9.6 kbit/s and is based on circuit switching technology. HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) - the first step towards faster data speeds on GSM circuit switched networks and allows data speeds of up to 64 Kbit/s. GPRS - the introduction of packet switching technology to GSM. EDGE (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) - the second step towards 3G for GSM/GPRS networks. EDGE will increase data rates on GSM to 384 Kbit/s 3G (Third Generation)- is the direct evolution for GSM/GPRS networks which defines as a mobile communications system that can offer significant user benefits including high-quality wireless multimedia services having cellular and satellite components.

 Enhancement of 2G (second generation)

The

first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to 3G occurred with the introduction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) i.e. 2.5G(second and half generation). 2.5 G is used to describe 2G systems that have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to circuit switched domain and using the CDMA techniques.

 GPRS

gives almost instantaneous connection set up & continuous connection to the internet. A physical end to end connection is not required because n/w resources & bandwidth are only used when data is actually transferred. Extremely efficient use of available radio bandwidth GPRS packet based services should cost users less than circuit switching services because channels are being shared.

 GPRS

data speed will range from 15 Kbit/s to 115 Kbit/s . Average data speed is about 56kbit/s with between 28 & 40 Kbit/s initially. High data rates will allow users to take part in video conferences and interact with multimedia web sites.

HLR

AuC

VLR NETWOR K

BTS BSC BTS

MS C

GTP

GGS N
NETWOR K

SMSC

EIR

Base Transceiver Station- BST is radio equipment needed to service each cell in network Base Station Controller BSC creates physical link between MSC & BTS. A set of base stations is connected to particular Base station controller. Mobile Switching center The combination of a cell phone & the sim card creates a special digital signature that includes our subscriber number which is sent form our cell phone to the nearest base station asking that you as a subscriber of a particular network and request is passed to a cellular network . MST also routes all the incoming and outgoing calls.

MST contains following registers : HLR (Home Location Register) :- Once it received your log on the request, HLR immediately checks the special signature contained in request against its special subscriber database. If your subscription is current, the MSC sends a message back to the phone via network of BSCs that indicate you r allowed to access the network . The name of that network will appear on the screen of cell phone which means you are connected with that particular network. VLR (Visitor Location Register):- when you want to make a call MSC calls the Visitor Location Register who checks whether you are actually allowed to make the call .

SMSC :- This register control the special facility known as Short Message Service. SMS can be received on your cell phones while you are on voice call. Authentication Center :- This unit provide authentication and encryption parameters that verify the users identity and ensure each call would be confidential. Equipment Identity Register :- EIR register is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment.

GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) :- GTP allow end user of a GPRS to move from one place to another while continuing to connect o the internet and also handle the session management . It provide interface between SSGN & GGSN. GGSN(Gateway GPRS Support Node) :- It is central part of GPRS which allows to transmit IP packets to the external network such as internet & mobile management ,transport for IP packet services & address mapping.

 Chatting

Still images
Moving images E-commerce transactions Web browsing File transfer Document sharing

Higher bandwidth and, therefore, data speeds Seamless, immediate and continuous connection to the Internet - always online New text and visual data and content services such as email, chat, still and moving images, information services (stock prices, weather reports, train times), video conferencing, e-commerce transactions (buying flight and cinema tickets) and Internet-based remote accessing. There is higher radio spectrum efficiency because network resources and bandwidth are only used when data is actually transmitted even though it is always connected Additional components and protocols to the GSM network - the key elements are SGSN (serving GPRS support node), GGSN (gateway GPRS support node) and GTP Protocol