Scientific communication

Presenting a scientific report

Media
Oral

Seminar/Conference Workshop Lecture

paper publication science news

Non-oral

Poster presentation

Visual support for written words

Tables (column and row form information)

Figures :

Graphs (numerically based) Photographs and other documentary illustrations (machine print-outs) Explanatory artwork (drawing, diagram)

pictograph

pictograph

exercise 1

Visual support for spoken words

35-mm slide,

overhead transparencies,
flipcharts, films,

videotapes, and even

filmstrips and the old schoolroom standard, the chalkboard or marker-board computer-based visuals, eg. power point slides

oral presentation
3 MAJOR ASPECTS:
content design delivery

creating an effective electronic presentation

exercise 2

paragraph choices
A: Smith (1990) was first to explain this result; Jones (1991) expanded upon the idea. Our research uncovered minor inconsistencies in the data given in both of their studies.

B: This result was elucidated by Smith (1990) and Jones (1991). In these studies the authors found inconsistencies in the results. It was found that the data differed slightly.

group presentation (next Friday) for maximum 10 minutes (8 minutes presentation and 2 minutes discussion) 6 selected groups (@ 4 students)
Topics: 1. The role of hydrogen bonding in water 2. Natural colorant advantages 3. Natural inks: production and prospective 4. Camouflage coating and chemistry 5. Why the lily water leaves are not wet? 6. Renewable energy

exercise 3

Speaking in public: the human factor

3 aspects to be managed: Control nervousness Delivering the speech or presentation Handling questions
The physical symptoms of nervousness butterflies in ones stomach, pounding heart, squeaky voice a result of adrenaline released by the body to escape an uncomfortable or threatening situation Overcomed by: changing ones state of mind. preparing, organizing, and delivering the presentation in ways that reduce anxiety.

Control nervousness
Keep your composure

take an optimistic, enthusiastic view about the excitement of talking about something you enjoy to an audience that is on your side and wants you to succeed your audience cant tell whether you are nervous inside, but only whether you show it outside. Confidence will soon take over if you are well prepared. Take concrete action to be well prepared Develop interesting, organized visual aids so that peoples eyes will be on them, not just on you Put together a particularly interesting introduction and conclusion Rehearse to the point of memorization (lower anxiety leave a good impression Dont memorize anything word for word only the outlines keypoints Expect the best but prepare for the worst Have a backup plan for any technology you plan to use. Practice with the equipment as well as with the talk itself. familiarize yourself with the room and the equipment be prepared to give your presentation on your own, with no technology or visual aids.

Delivering presentation
Look at the audience Casually move around the room, if possible Dont pace, but dont stand in the same location for the entire talk Use your visual aids effectively Whenever possible, reveal information sequentially. With PowerPoint, design slides so that bulleted points appear as you talk about them. if your mind momentarily goes blank, dont panic Silence is golden Although the silent moment will seem long and awkward to you, the audience will find it to be natural

Handling questions
Sometimes, there truly may be no questions

Thats all right not a sign you failed somewhere. Thank the audience and the moderator, and sit down. What if someone asks a question that you cant answer? Or one that seems to negate the whole study? Or is openly hostile?

Suggested ways to handle questions

Handling questions .contd

Be sure you understand the question

Make sure the questioner is asking what you think he or she is Dont interrupt before the question is complete, even if you think you know what is being asked Never dismiss a question without a response Maintain your dignity: Dont loosen a tie, lean on the podium, or relax your diction Never answer sarcastically or with anger Maintain eye contact with all the audience most of the time Make a conscious effort to take questions from various parts of the room When you dont know an answer, honestly say so The question asked doesnt have to be the question answered If questions continue and the moderator doesnt end them, do so yourself: Make a final summarizing statement if possible + thank the audience

Answer briefly and directly

Always remain professional

Remember the whole audience

Never bluff, but you can steer

Stay within your allotted time limit

A happy hybrid:

Poster presentation

 Poster presentations were almost unknown before being

introduced into scientific meetings in the United States in the mid-1970s

How ?

a given poster will be displayed during a given time frame; the author will be on hand to discuss the subject with a relatively small number of interested viewers who stop wandering among the poster displays long enough to listen and converse

Generally less stressful than a standard scientific

presentation
A successful poster combines visual, oral, and written

elements

 A scientific poster should follow the same organizational

conventions used for other scientific writing, with an Introduction, Objectives, Materials and Methods, and Results and Discussion.
The most common problem with poster presentations is

the attempt to present too much text and too many data
In comparison to a written paper, add more photographs,

graphics, and color.

Most commonly, viewers start by viewing data in tables

and figures, or by reading the conclusions or objectives get sure the conclusion carry the points you emphasized

Listening
1.

Photograph/Analyzing pictures 2. Question-Response 3. Conversations 4. Short Talk

1. Analyzing the picture/photograph

Pick out the main theme

Start to predict the type of statements you will

hear

Practice 1
With the picture on your sheet, try to

answer/to find the correct statement for each picture

2. Question-Response
thinking about meaning of factual questions

answers do not always answer the question

directly often will be in different tenses listen for keywords to avoid distractor watch out for the common distractor

Practice 2
Listen to sentence 1 and write number 1 next

to three key words or phrases as you hear them Do the same for the next to sentences

Same word unrelated meaning

Q: Has the sale improved profits?

A: Yes, it is for sale

Related subject doesnt answer the question

Q: Where can I buy a cheap air conditioner?
A: I agree that its very cheap

Similar sound Different/unrelated word

Q: Have you met the new staff?

A: No, it is not the same stuff

Listening practice for scientific communication

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Compaq\Desktop\Paket Kuliah\Bahasa Inggris\Materi Pengembangan Elearning\Mini lecture\Global Warming via Youtube.flv