Peristalsis in fasting -Migrating Motor

1.A type of peristalsisComplex

which occurs in stomach &
small intestine during long periods of fasting for
several hours aftre meals.
2. It is different from normal peristalsis as a large
portion of stomach and intestine is involved in
contraction. The contraction extend to 40 cm of
the stomach in the intestine. & movement occurs
once in every 1.5 -2 hrs.
3. Starting from stomach and it goes to entire
length of intestine at a velocity of 6-12
cm/minute. So, it takes only 10 min to reach
colon after originating from stomach.
4.It sweeps & pushes the excess digestive
secretions into the colon & prevents accumulation
Control of Peristalsis in Small Intestine by Nervous
and Hormonal Signals

1.Peristaltic activity of the small

intestine is greatly increased after a
meal due to entry of chyme into the
duodenum causing stretch of the
duodenal wall.
2. Hormones:
3 gastrin, CCK, insulin, motilin, and
serotonin: all enhance intestinal
motility
4 secretin and glucagon inhibit small
intestinal motility.
 Movements of the Colon
The principal functions of the colon are
(1) absorption of water and
electrolytes
(2) storage of fecal matter until it can be
expelled.
The proximal half of the colon is
concerned principally with absorption,
and the distal half with storage.
The movements of the colon are
normally very sluggish. Types:
f. mixing movements
 MOVEMENTS OF LARGE INTESTINE

Two types of movements:

2. Mixing Movements- Haustrations, 
Segmental contractions
3. Propulsive Movements- Mass
Peristalsis

5. Antipropulsion (reverse peristalsis)
Mixing Movements of Colon-"Haustrations."

3. At the point of circular constrictions in the large

intestine, the circular muscle contracts and at the
same time, the teniae coli ( longitudinal muscle of
colon) also contracts & un-contracted portion of
colon bulge outward forming haustrations.
5. They also move slowly toward the anus and provide
a minor
forward propulsion of the contents of colon
Propulsive Movements of
Colon-"Mass Movements
It is main propulsive movement of colon. Steps: A
constrictive ringoccurs at a distended point in the colon.
Then, colon distal to the constrictive ring lose its haustra
and contract as a unit, pushing the faecal matter in this
segment en masse further down the colon. Duration of
Initiation of Mass Movements by
Gastrocolic and Duodenocolic
Reflexes.
Mass movements after meals occur due to
gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes due
to distention of the stomach and
duodenum.
 Defecation
1. Voiding of faeces is called defaecation.
2. Faeces is formed in large intestine & stored
in Sigmoid colon.
3. When faecesenters rectum due to mass
movement of colon, it raises
intrarectalpressure to 20-25 cm of water &
stimulates defaecation reflex.
4. In defaecation the rectum contracts & the
internal & external anal sphincters relax.
5. The internal sphincter is made of smooth
muscle & is innervated by parasympathetic
nerve fibres via pelvic nerve.
 DEFAECATION REFLEX
1. Stimulus: When faeces enters rectum from sigmoid colon
due to mass movement of colon, the sensory nerve endings
in wall of rectum get stimulated.
2. Sensory Afferent Fibres: Sensory Impulses from
rectum are carried via afferent fibres of pelvic nerves to the
defaecation centre.
3. The defaecation centre: it is located in sacral segments
of spinal cord. The defaecation centre sends motor impulses
via
4. Motor Efferent Fibres which are present in the efferent
fibres of pelvic nerve and caryimpulses to the descending
colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.
5. Effector: The motor impulses cause strog contractions of
the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum and
relaxaes the internal anal sphincter.
6. At the same time, the external anal sphincter which
 APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
1. Constipation- failure of voiding feces
2. Evacuation of gases from GIT-
c. Exogenous 90% gas- swallowed while
eating or drinking carbonated beverages
d. Endogenous-10% gas- produced by
bacteria action on food
e. Gas is evacuated by flatus (through
anus) or through mouth by belching
f. Composititon of flatus- N2, O2,
Methane,CO2, Odorous material -fatty
acids& H2S
 APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Gastrocolic Reflex
Defecation may also occur by gastro
colic reflex mediated by enteric
nervous system, the distention of
stomach (after eating) leads to
contraction of rectum and thus
defaecation.
 Role of Hormones in GASTRIC
Hormonal Feedback from the Duodenum
Inhibits Gastric Emptying-Role of Fats
and the Hormone Cholecystokinin.
2 Hormones cholecystokinin (CCK),
released from mucosa of the jejunum by
stimulus of fats entering the
duodenum: This hormone acts as an
inhibitor to stomach motility
3 Secretin is released mainly from the
duodenal mucosa in response to gastric
acid passed from the stomach through the
pylorus. It inhibits stomach emptying.
(iii) Gastric inhibitory peptide GIP has a