Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Frei Kansas, freier Boden, Von Vorrecht frei und Bann! Dem schwarzen und dem rothen Sowie dem weissen Mann! Free Kansas, free space, without privilege or discrimination! For the black, and the red, as for the white man of the nation.
Learning from Quindaro: Indians, Feminists, Blacks, and Germans, Intercultural Action for Freedom in the Kansas Free State Struggle, 1856-63
Charles Reitz Professor (Ret.) of Philosophy and Multicultural Education Kansas City Kansas Community College
By 1856: Abolitionists and Radicals Feminists: Lucy Armstrong, Clarina Nichols Irish: Greeley, Lane, Montgomery, Jennison, Stewart, Phillip Germans: Bondi, Kaiser, Weiner, Leonhardt, Deitzler Kossuths of Kanzas (--Thomas Higginson, 1857)
Town Plan with Portrait of Quindaro Nancy Brown Guthrie of Wyandot Nation . Locus of multicultural human rights movement: Native Americans, Blacks, Women, Irish, German 48ers Quindaro: A Wyandot Indian word meaning, "a bundle of sticks," interpreted as "in union there is strength."
Wyandots
governed by clan councils of one man
Clarina Nichols,
Co-editor of Quindaro Chin-do-wan (Leader) Vermont abolitionist, feminist Women's Rights, Women's Suffrage Underground Railroad Teacher of Black students Marilyn S. Blackwell Diane Eickhoff and Kristen T. Oertel.
Wyandotte Constitution
Which also expanded women's rights;
to own property; participate in school district elections; legal right of wives to retain household property; this can not be lost by husband's indebtedness; secured legal recognition of widows as heads of households
John Newman
http://researchfrontiers.uark.edu/16694.php
Henry Steiner and Jacob Zehntner, owned the Quindaro Brewery; Frederick Klaus, limestone quarry and stoneyard; Jacob Henry brickyard and kiln; N. Ranzchoff, clothiers
In eastern Kansas (Wyandot City, Quindaro City, and Lawrence) Germans were the largest ethnic group in Union Army
August Bondi was in 1848 Revolution in Austria and rode with John Brown at Battle of Black Jack, Kansas
Go West to Kansas
A founder of Greeley, Kansas, a station on the Underground Railroad:
John Brown hid 11 slaves there for one month in January, 1859
German-American 48er Revolutionaries in Kansas Free State Struggle: August Bondi,Theodor Weiner, Jacob Benjamin, Charley Kaiser, Charles Leonhardt
Dr. Charles Kob, Dr. Moritz Hartmann [Program for a belt of freedom]
Man of Douglas / Man of Lincoln (Ian Spurgeon) The Lane Trail / Underground Railroad Lane's Army of the North Lane's Frontier Guard of Lincoln at White House
Triracial Indian Brigades
Jennison Montgomery Stewart Leonhardt/Lenhart
... it is utterly imposible for me to forget the deep impression John Brown made on m in our Homestruggles during 1847 1849 we had often held our own life a blood offering for our country's s as this man pleaded the cause of another people and race.
Charles Leonhardt's account (1870) of his Free State Kansas participation in Underground Railroad
Conclusions:
Kansas history not just local, but national and international significance. The anti-racism and vanguard political practice put forward by Quindaro Nancy Brown Guthrie, Lucy Armstrong, Clarina Nichols, and Frederick Douglass was modeled by many GermanAmerican 48ers like Bondi and Leonhardt (and Marx).
Transatlantic radicalism combined with advocacy of racial justice represented a significant transformative force in U.S. history. But counterrevolution vs. Reconstruction Black power,
Western Indians, and militant industrial labor force (1876-77).
International/intercultural human rights movements today have a genuine precedent here; this history should be part of our multicultural education curriculum reform effort.