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e-mail: Lopatkin@tpu.ru
Content
Significance of electrical insulation Overview of high voltage applications High voltage in electric power engineering Course syllabus
Voltage up to 6 kV
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3, 6 1150 kV
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1870 invention of the DC generator 1882 first large-scale use of electricity Edison's Pearl Street System; provided electric lighting for Lower Manhattan
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PLoad
1) Current in transmission line: IL PLoad / V2 2) Voltage decay: DV = V1 V2 = IL Rline 3) Power loss: DP = IL DV = IL2 Rline = (PLoad / V2)2Zline
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1. 2.
Impedance (DC): Rline = r L / S, where r specific resistance of the wire, already optimal L length of the line, and not effective S cross-sectional area of the wire not effective
G
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V1
Rline
V2
Transmission line
V2
Transformer
Load PLoad
G V1
Zline V3 Generator Power transfer capability (PLoad V22 / Zline)
V(kV)
P(MW)
400
640
700
2000
1000
4000
1200
5800
1500
9000
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1150
AC volage, kV
287
380
50
110
1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year of installation
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Inverter
AC
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DC voltage, kV
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
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Year of installation
What is the electrical stress distribution that the materials will experience within the device? What are the processes in insulation under these stresses that influence breakdown strengths of the materials? How does the reliability change through the life of the device as a result of a reduction in the material breakdown strength (aging) and a change in the electrical stress distribution?
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Course structure
THEORY Electrical discharge in gas, liquid and solid dielectrics (physics, theory, factors affecting discharge voltage, breakdown, corona discharge, flashover, partial discharge, treeing). Design of high voltage insulation (transmission lines, cables, transformers, capacitors, electrical machines). Testing techniques for insulation maintenance.
EXAM
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Textbooks
High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals by E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, and J. Kuffel High Voltage Engineering by M.S. Naidu Hochspannungstechnik. Theoretische und Praktische Grundlagen by M. Beyer, W. Boeck, K. Mller, and W. Zaengl
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Contents
Electric field concept Electrical discharge and breakdown definitions Electric fields classifications
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Lightning
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Multiple Lightning
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30
31
32
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slightly non-uniform
strongly non-uniform
E=V/D
EV/D
E = f(x,y,z)
N > 3
E = f(x,y,z)
N = 1
0 D
0
N 3
D
Non-uniformity factor N = MAX / EAV 35 EAV = V / D; MAX = f(voltage, shape, size, distance)
the direct measurement of potential distribution analytic calculations the numerical methods of calculations using digital computers
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Concentric spheres
Coaxial cylinders
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Electrodes symmetry
Symmetric and asymmetric electrodes Symmetric electrodes are two electrodes of the same shape and size and there is no electrode grounding Asymmetric electrodes are two electrodes of the different shape or size, or one of them is grounded
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Given: r = 1 cm; a = 10 cm; U = 100 kV Calculate 1. non-uniformity factor; 2. at a given r the value a that provides slightly non-uniform field; 3. at a given a the value r that provides slightly non-uniform field
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