N-W.F.

P University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar

Lecture # 1: Basic Concepts

Subject: Mechanics of Solids-I CE-104 Instructor: Prof. Dr. Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr. Muhammad Nissar
Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Basic Concepts
What is Civil Engineering ? 1) Civil 2) Engg What is Strength of Materials or Mechanics of Solids? 1) Strength of Material 2) Mechanics of Solids
Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar 2

Introduction
Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. This field of study is known by several names, including "Strength of materials" and "mechanics of deformable bodies.".

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Introduction

40 ft span

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Introduction
Suspension bridges are good example of structures that carry these stresses. The weight of the vehicle is carried by the bridge deck and passes the force to the stringers (vertical cables), which in turn, supported by the main suspension cables. The suspension cables then transferred the force into bridge towers.

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Introduction
The solid bodies considered include axially loaded members, shafts in torsion, thin shells, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components.

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Introduction

Axial Force. Shear Force Transverse Force

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

Introduction
Torsion

Deflection due to Load

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Usually the objectives of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deflections produced by the loads.

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials.

These properties are available to us only after suitable experiments have been carried out in the laboratory.

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Also, because many practical problems of great importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, experimental measurements become a necessity. Theoretical Analysis (Equilibrium and Compatibility Equations). Experimental Analysis (Constitutive)

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Equilibrium Equation
Steel Bar

500 N

5000 N

Simply Supported Beam

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Compatibility Problems

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Constitutive Problems

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Types of Failure:

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Failure Pattern:

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Introduction
Beam with Reinforcement
Beam

Reinforcement

Longitudinal Section

Composite Section

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

The

fundamental concepts of stress can be illustrated by considering a prismatic bar that is loaded by axial forces P at the ends, as shown in Figure 1 prismatic bar having constant cross section throughout its length. The axial forces produce a uniform stretching of the bar; hence, the bar is said to be in tension.

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

Prismatic and Non Prismatic Bar
Area 2 Area 1

Area 1>Area 2

Non prismatic X-Section

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

Prismatic X-Section

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

To investigate the internal stresses produced in the bar by the axial forces, we make an imaginary cut at section aa (Figure 1).

The intensity of force (that is, the force per unit area) is called the stress and is commonly denoted by the Greek letter s (sigma).

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

The intensity of force (that is, the force per unit area) is called the stress and is commonly denoted by the Greek letter s (sigma).

Assuming that the stress has a uniform distribution over the cross section (see Figure 1), we can readily see that its resultant is equal to the intensity s times the crosssectional area A of the bar.
Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar 35

Normal Stress Formula Derivation

Furthermore, from the equilibrium (balancing of forces) of the body shown in Figure 1, it is also evident that this resultant must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the applied load P. Hence, we obtain

P A
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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

When a sign convention for normal stresses is required, it is customary to define tensile stresses as positive (+) and compressive stresses as negative (-).

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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Normal Stress Formula Derivation

Tensile Normal Stress Tensile Normal Force

Instructor: Prof: Dr.Akhtar Naeem Lecturer: Engr Muhammad Nissar

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