Escolar Documentos
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Catherine Miller
Hampshire Research Institute
cmiller@hampshire.org
The act states that source reduction (pollution Waste Management Hierarchy
prevention) is considered the preferred
approach to managing waste. The waste
management hierarchy illustrates the preferred
order for waste management decision-making,
with disposal/release of waste the last resort.
-25%
6,000
? -15%
4,000
2,000
0
Source Reduction Recycled Energy Recovery Treated Disposed of or
Otherwise Released
• From 2001-2007, total decreased 11% (2.90 billion pounds) and, indeed,
disposal/releases decreased by the largest percentage (25%)
• However, looking in more detail, we see that
• while TRI does not collect data on the amount of source reduction
achieved, we can tell who is undertaking it and if they are reducing waste
generated.
• and not all facilities are achieving such reductions.
Hampshire Research Institute
TRI National Training Conference
March 30 – April 2, 2009
3
Not all Facilities are Achieving Reductions
• Facilities grouped by the 140
120
120
Percent Change, 2001-2007
2,000
100 Total
1,500 80 Production-
57 related
60 Waste
1,000 695 30
40
15
500 20
0 Total
0 Disposal or
-20 -1 -7
-18 Other
-500 -40
-36 Releases
<=10,000 lbs -60
(6,761 facilities) <=100,000 lbs <=1,000,000 lbs <=10,000,000 lbs >10,000,000 lbs
(4,912 facilities) (3,642 facilities) (1,505 facilities) (465 facilities)
Total Reported Amount of Production-related Waste per Facility in 2001
out of over 17,000 (6,761 facilities) <=100,000 lbs <=1,000,000 lbs <=10,000,000 lbs >10,000,000 lbs
reporting in both (4,912 facilities) (3,642 facilities) (1,505 facilities) (465 facilities)
Total Reported Amount of Production-related Waste per Facility in 2001
years
Number of Facilities
• The group with
8,000
the smallest 6,761
7,000
waste managed in
Number of Facilities
6,000
2001 has most 4,912
5,000
number of facilities 3,642
4,000
and largest
3,000
percentage 1,505
Number of
Facilities in
2,000
increase. 465
each group
1,000
0
<=10,000 lbs <=100,000 lbs <=1,000,000 lbs <=10,000,000 lbs >10,000,000 lbs
of Total Reported Amount of Production-related Waste, 2001
smallest 0
0
-20 -1
Total
Disposal or
-7
waste -500 -40
-18
-36
Other
Releases
managed in <=10,000 lbs
(6,761 facilities)
-60
<=100,000 lbs <=1,000,000 lbs <=10,000,000 lbs >10,000,000 lbs
2001 has a (4,912 facilities) (3,642 facilities) (1,505 facilities) (465 facilities)
facilities
reporting Percent of Facilities in the
Group
increases 70
from 2001- 60 53 56
59 57 58
2007 50
40
44
41 43 42
40
30
• Other groups 20
have majority 10
7
0 0 0 0
reporting 0
Maps show states with one-quarter of total production-related waste in 2007 per color.
Black is quartile with states reporting largest amount, white is quartile with smallest amount.
20,000
20,000
Without P2
15,000 15,000
With P2 Without P2
10,000 10,000 With P2
5,000 5,000
With P2: 30% of Total With P2: 30% of Total
0 0
2001 2007 2001 2007
Data from TRI Form R, Section 8. Data from TRI Form R, Section 8. Includes only facilities reporting in both years.
Facilities submitting only Form As in both years and facilities with change greater
than 100,000,000 pounds not included.
• Only 30% of waste managed in both 2001 and 2007 was reported as
having pollution prevention (P2) activities during those years.
10
2007
• Looking at facilities reporting in both years
5
1
and excluding the 31 facilities with a large
0
-1
change, it appears pollution prevention
-5 activities have not achieved reductions in
-10
Facilities Reporting in Both Years
waste managed.
Data from TRI Form R, Section 8. Includes only facilities reporting in both years. Facilities submitting only Form As in both years and
facilities w ith change greater than 100,000,000 pounds not included.
Percent Change Change in Production-related Waste Managed and Production Index, 2001-2007
100
77
75
- Influence of production
50
22 17 16 12
34
level changes
25 11 13 9
0
2 3 -0.2 1
- Pollution Prevention
-3
-25
-19
-27
-12 -9
-29
Activity
-50
-44 -44
-75
Chemicals Primary Metals Electric Utilities Paper Petroleum Food Computers/
Electronics
With P2 Without P2 Production Index
Data from TRI Form R, Section 8. Production Index: http://www.federalreserve.gov/datadownload/Choose.aspx?rel=G17 (25 February 2009)
• Expansions
– Rollback 2006 changes to Form A (already done)
– Complete Metals Framework document (lower thresholds for arsenic,
cadmium, hexavalent chromium)
– Add Industry sectors (e.g., oil and gas extraction and distribution,
sewage treatment plants)
– Add criteria air contaminants
– Incorporate TRI ID in greenhouse gases inventory
– Add amount of toxic chemicals in products