Respiration system

1. 2.

Trachea
To channel air from the nose to the lung

Bronchus
To channel air to the left and right lungs

3.
4.

Bronchiole
To channel air to the alveolus

Alveolus
air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs

5.
6. 7.

Ribs
To protect the lungs and heart

Intercostal muscle
To pull the ribs outwards and inwards during breathing

Diaphragm
to contract and relax so that air can move in and out of the lungs

Inhalation and Exhalation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Contracts Relaxes Moves up and outwards Moves down and inwards Contracts Relaxes Relaxes Contracts Increases Decreases Low High Bigger Smaller

a) i) Trachea ii) Ribs iii) Lung iv) Diaphragm b) i) The balloons become big ii) The volume in the gas jar increases and air pressure becomes lower. The higher atmospheric pressure outside pushes air into the balloons, thus making them big c) i) the balloons deflate ii) the volume in the bell jar decreases and the higher air pressure inside will force the air out of the balloons

Gas exchange in alveolus

a) i) Oxygen ii) carbon dioxide b) i) Blood Y ii) Blood X c) Diffusion d) Because the wall of an alveoli is thin and moist e) To dissolve gasses so that the exchange of gasses can take place

Heart and circulation system

Right atrium Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Deoxygenated blood

Oxygenated blood

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. b. c.

Vena cava Right auricle/atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Left auricle/atrium Left ventricle Aorta To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide The pressure is higher in the left ventricle because it has to pump blood to every part of the body. The right ventricle onlu pumps blood to the lung

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Transports blood Carries blood from the heart to every part of the body Carries blood from every part of the body back to the heart Small Big Thick, muscular and elastic Thin, not muscular and not elastic Oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery Deoxygenated blood except pulmonary blood vein Fast Slow High Low Has valves Does not have valve

a) The upper part of the ring that was cut off become swollen b) Because food from the leaves gathered there c) Because the phloem which carries food was cut off d) The leaves will drop off and the tree will finally die e) Food in plants is transported by phloem tissues

a) i) Epidermal cell ii) stoma iii) guard cell b) To control the rate of transpiration c) i) to remove excess water ii) to cool itself iii) so that it is able to absorb water and mineral salts from the roots to the shoots