Essentials of Organizational Behavior,

Organizational Change and Development

16-1

Forces for Change

16-4

Change Agents
Persons in organization responsible for managing

change activities Can be managers or nonmanagers, current employees, newly hired employees or outside consultants

16-5

Calm Waters Simile

16-6

Lewin
Unfreezing can be achieved by:
Increase driving forces that direct behavior away

from the status quo Decrease restraining forces that hinder movement from the existing equilibrium Combine the two above approaches

16-7

Resistance to Change
Habit

Security
Structural Inertia Limited Focus of Change

16-9

Overcoming Resistance to Change

1.

2.
3. 4. 5.

Education and Communication Participation Building Support and Commitment Selecting People who Accept Change Coercion

16-10

Organizational Development
Respect for People

Trust and Support

Power Equalization Confrontation Participation

16-11

OD Interventions
Sensitivity Training

Survey Feedback
Process Consultation Intergroup Development Appreciative Inquiry

16-12

Technology in the Workplace

Continuous Improvement Process recognizes

that good isnt good enough and performance should be improved upon; constant reduction in variability Process Reengineering How you would do things if you could start over from scratch

16-14

Stress
Dynamic condition in which an individual is

confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important Managing Stress
Organizational: Employee Selection, Organizational

Communication, Goal-setting Programs, Job Redesign Personal: Counseling, Time Management, Physical Activity
16-15

Creating a Learning Organization

An organization that has developed the

continuous capacity to adapt and change Single-loop learning when errors are detected, the correction process relies on past routines and present policies Double-loop learning when an error is detected, its corrected in ways that involve the modification of the organizations objectives, policies and standard routines

16-16

Characteristics of Learning Organization

16-17

Learning Organizations
Remedy for three inherent problems in

organizations
Fragmentation Competition Reactiveness

How to make a firm a learning organization Establish a strategy Redesign the organizations structure Reshape the organizations culture

16-18

For Next Class ASSIGNMENT:

Write a page (single-spaced) paper answering two questions:
1.

What area of Organizational behavior what we covered in this course did you find most interesting? Why?

2.