PROJECT TITLE:DESIGN OF RAIN HARVESTING SYSTEM CASE STUDY:DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ADMISSION:1001017005 COURSE:ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERIG

INTRODUCTION Dar es salaam Institute of Technology has been facing a problem of insufficient supply of water. The population which Is dynamic changes as time goes s each year the institute receives new comers the institute lack to play its role effectively. The inclusion of harvested rain water would be a great deal if implemented to cater the situation.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Access of safe reliable drinking water sources is a major issues at Dar es salaam Institute of Technology. Student use reservoir water for drinking, watering of flowers and tree and domestic purpose. Due to scarcity of water resources at Dar es salaam Institute of Technology, water is only provided one hour for one day in each week moreover there is no ground water in Dar es salaam Institute of Technology which prevent the construction of other system at Dar es salaam Institute of Technology

OBJECTIVE

To design rain harvesting system at Dar es salaam Institute of Technology.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

To design rain harvesting system in order to get and store water so as to overcome shortage of demand

EXPECTED OUTCOME

To make water available in the campus due to design rain harvesting system

SIGNIFICANT OF PROJECT

The significant of project is to reduce the shortage of water by design the rain harvesting system at Dar es salaam Institute of Technology

METHODOLOGY

The method which are used in this project are:i. Data analysis ii. Data collection iii. Literature review

LITERATURE REVIEW

Background Design rain harvesting system is way on how to collect the rain water. Rainwater harvesting is practice of collecting rainwater and store it for future use in different demand Factor which should be considered when selecting the rain harvesting system. i. Local rainfall data ii. Type and size of catchment

LITERATURE REVIEW CONT BASIC COMPONENTS

Catchment surfaces runoff occurs when there is excessive precipitation and the ground is saturated(cannot absorb anymore water). Leaf screens Components which remove debris and dust from the captured rain water before it goes to tank Water from any sources may contain suspended matter including floating debris such as sticks, branches leaves

 Screen course Mostly in the form of bar grills are intended to intercept only large floating materials Fine screen Are used at surface water intake, sometimes alone, sometimes following a bar screen. In order that fine screen do not get clogged a continuous cleaning devices is setup involving the arrangement of fine screens.

 Purification water may contain high amount of turbidity organic load from decaying leave minerals in solution or suspension forms may also contaminated water. The most important reasons for water treatment is necessity of removing the germs that cause disease Storage tank This is tank which used for storing harvesting rain water. There are various options available for the construction of these tank with respect to the shape, size, and the material of construction

 Gutters and downspout Channels all round the edge of a sloping roof to collect and transport rain water to the storage tank. Gutters can be semicircular or rectangular

DESIGN OF STORAGE TANK The quality of water stored in a water harvesting system depends on size of catchment area and sizes of the storage tank. The storage tank ha to be design according to the water requirement rainfall and catchment availability Aspects to be consider during the design Rate of recharge Sizes of catchment Rainfall intensity

DATA COLLECTION The design of rain harvesting system at Dar es salaam Institute of Technology data involve collection of data from site visiting and data from Tanzania Meteorological agency. The following are the number of student which can get this service of design rain harvesting system in the campus.
BLOCKS Block I NUMBER OF STUDENT 200

Block II

106

Block III

260

Block IV

252

Block V

252

TOTAL

1076

Assuming each students must use not less than 60litre per day. Total number of student in campus are 1076,total liters are 64560 must be used by all student per day. Storage tank design must have more than 64560 capacity in order to sastify students demand.

RAINFALL INTENSITY IN MM / HR

2 YRS
5 YRS

10 YRS

25 YRS

50 YRS

100 YRS

15 MI N 92. 08 11 7.4 8 13 4.3 2 15 5.6 0 17 1.4 0 18 7.0 8

30 MIN 1 HR 2 HRS 3 HRS 6 HRS

12 HRS 24 HRS

65.04
84.18

42.7 8 57.0 2
66.4 4

23.66 16.62 9.50

31.61 21.92 12.77

4.99
7.49

96.84

36.87 25.42 14.93

7.91

112.84 78.3 5
124.72 87.1 9 136.50 95.9 6

43.52 29.85 17.67

9.37

48.45 33.13 19.70

10.46

53.34 36.39 21.71

11.54

DAR PORT MONTHLY RAINFALL These data of rainfall monthly it can saves determine the amount of rainfall per monthly in specific area
DAR PORT MONTHLY RAIINFALL Year

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 105. 192. 170. 237. 254. 7 4 9 4 8 98.2 61.7 49.2 595. 42.6 9 56.1 49.7 68 70.3 133. 9 52.7 135. 53.4 143. 36.1 1 4 93.3 2.1 71 138. 408. 7 5 9.4 28.1 269. 243. 109. 4 1 4 10.2 20.9 140. 190. 219. 2 8 9 45.5 52.2 112. 227. 169. 5 6 5 65.4 49.6 51.7 197 16.7

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 15.3 12.5 3.7 16.1 87.3

2001

10.9 6 2.6

2002

2003

2004

2005

44. 79.9 27 47.5 43.6 125. 2 3 73.1 12. 10 3.8 22.8 39.5 40.9 1 41.7 3.3 3.5 66.1 127. 45.5 172. 7 3 8.3 9.2 25.6 10.3 13.1 45 10 189. 9 21.3 13.4 52.9 151. 3 9 28.5 11. 42.3 2.3 5.9 73.8 2 30.4 2.1 18.7 35.4 67 137. 3 16.9 2.9 2.5 0.5 17.6 7.4 214. 5 18.9 7.7 32.8

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

52.3 54.1 77.7 353. 74.1 21.8 5.8 15.9 20.7 0 45.6 88.1 4 9.5 34.4 40.6 205. 72.2 13.2 3.7 19.9 38.3 22.7 77 235. 1 1

2012

RAINFALL INTENSITY DURATION CURVES AT AIRPORT MET STATION

DATA ANALYSIS
The data analyzed according to procedures states as literature review and data that collected The following below are the summary of the procedures as started in a literature review and data used. Total rainfall=1311.7+764.9+905.9+461+809+694.77 Average rainfall monthly=total amount of rainfall in the year/12 Average rainfall per each year from 2006-2011 as follows 2006=9.4+28.1+269.4+234.1+109.4+189.3+9+21.3+13.4+52.9+151.9+214.5= Total 1311.7/12=109.308 2007=10.2+20.9+140.2+190.8+219.9+28.5+11.2+42.3+2.3+5.9+73.8+18.9 Total 764.9/12=63.741 2008=45.5+52.2+112.5+227.6+169.5+30.4+2.1+18.7+35.4+67+137.3+7.7=tato l 905.9/12=75.491

2009=65.4+49.6+51.7+197+16.7+16.9+2.9+2.5+0.5+17.6+7.4+32.8= total 461/12=38.416 2010=52.3+54.1+77.7+353.4+74.1+21.8+5.8+115.8+20.7+0+45.6+88.1 total 809.5/12=67.458 2011=9.5+34.4+40.6+205.1+72.2+13.2+3.7+19.9+38.3+22.7+77+235.1 Total 694.77/12=57.898

YEAR,TOTA AMOUNT OF RAINFALL,A.V MONTHLY RAINFALL

YEAR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 TOTAL AMOUNT OF RAINFALL PER YEAR 1311.7mm 764.9mm 905.9mm 461mm 809.5mm 694.77mm AVARAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL 109.308mm 63.741mm 75.491mm 38.416mm 67.458mm 57.898mm

PIPES SIZES The expected sizes of pipes according to design is 65mm

Gutters sizes
Semi circular gutters and rectangular gutters with a standard sizes adopted to be used according to the design

NUMBER OF STUDENT
block Block I Block II Number of student 200 106

Block III
Block IV Block V TOTAL

260
252 252 1076

WATER DEMAND PER DAY The amount of water expected to be used per day per each student Total number of student in campus=1076 Each student must use not less than 60 litres per day 1student=60litres 1076student=? Total litres=64560 This are the total litres to used by all student in the campus Note:it is impossible for all students to be attendable every day at a campus

REFERENCE
KANTARAO, K. (1986). ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING WATER SUPPLY SANITARY AND POLLUTION. RAMSING, G. (2000). WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY ENGINEERIG. SARG. (1893). DESIGN FOR MANUAL WATER SUPPLY AND WASTED DISPOSAL.