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Dramatic increase in the establishment The retrieving, and updating improvement and tracking of land of land administration related data systems are still . paper-based; this is often true for LGUs. Land Introduction Administration

Tools are required to facilitate the implementation of a proper land policy. This is where land administration (LA) and land administration system (LAS) enter.

Land Administration (LA) to of refersSeveral to theattempts processes improve LAS were recording and disseminating undertaken primarily to information about the provide formal recognition ownership , value and use of of rights in land. land and its associated resources. (UNECE, 1996)

2010)
Government needs information to govern. An efficient solution to achieving this is a software application built on top of a data model.

General

Specific Poor mechanism of data exchange and sharing and lack of equipment for records management. Poor linkages between different stakeholders in land administration. LA processes is not easily accessible and is complex. Inability of the current LA to address user requirements efficiently and effectively.

 What is the status of LA in the Philippines? What are the current initiatives taken by the government to upgrade its LAS?

What is the scope of the model?

What LADM classes are included and what are not included? What are the benefits of the development of the model?
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Research Objective - General

Development of a model based on the ISO 19152 Standards the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Standards, representing the current situation of the LA of the Philippines focusing on the perspective of the Local Government Unit (LGU) describing its relationship with the two main agencies involved in land administration, LRA and DENR.
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Research Objectives - Specific

One
Study the current situation of LA in the Philippines. Identify LA-related problems and its possible solutions. Identify, from documents gathered, classes adopted, modified and added based on LADM. Provide a Dictionary of Terms used within the model.
Provide the LGU a model as an initial reference to attain a paperless-based and more efficient land administration.

Two
Thre e Four Five

Define how the model displays the relationship between the LGU with LRA and DENR in terms of data sharing.

Significance of the Study

The data model is the core, data to include and how to structure this.

The study will provide connections of different entities related to land administration (relationships between classes in packages). The model will establish relationships on how the LGU with interact with the LRA and DENR for an efficient data management.
The results will satisfy the need for a coordinated land information system for an efficient data management. The research will provide a foundation on building LGUs own software application
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Core Model

Scope and Limitations of the Research

The research only takes into account three (3) of those agencies namely the DENR, LRA and LGU. The research is limited to construction of a model and does not include its implementation on a platform. The model will only take into consideration 2D cadastre. LGU indicated here refers to Makati Local Assessors Office. LGU does not necessarily encompass all of the LGUs throughout the country. The construction of the model is confined and based on the documents gathered and interviews done.
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Conceptual Framework
LA and LAS Profile Construct Model Validation

Status of LA Current Initiatives to Improve LAS Problems concerning LA Possible Solutions ISO 19152

Classes Identification that will and will not be included using 2 criteria
Relationship recognition between different stakeholders in LA

Model Validation Using: Abstract Test Suite User Requirements

Packages: Party Administrative Spatial Unit

Model Framework

Stakeholders Considered LGU DENR LRA

Status of Land Administration in the Philippines

One of the most complex systems in Asia and is currently plagued with institutional defects, inconsistencies and corruption. Generally neither efficient nor effective. 19 agencies involved LA and the two principal agencies are DENR and LRA. There are two legal processes in gaining title to land

administrative and judicial

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Initiatives to Improve the Land Administration System in the Philippines (Main)

Land Administration and Management Project (LAMP) One Stop Shop (OSS)

Innovation Support Fund (ISF)

Land Titling Computerization Project (LTCP)

Initiatives to Improve the Land Administration System in the Philippines (Others)

Land Administration Reform Act (LARA) Valuation Reform Act

Real Estate Service Act (RESA)

Residential Free Patent Law

Core Cadastral Domain Model (CCDM) and Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)
The heart of the model is based on the three classes: RegisterObject; RRR, and Person. Goal is to avoid re-inventing and re-implementing the same functionality but provide a extensible basis for efficient and effective cadastral system development enable involved parties to communicate based on the shared ontology.

LADM

Organised in packages: Party Package, Administrative Package and Spatial Unit Package. The purpose of the LADM is not to replace existing systems, but rather to provide a formal language for describing them, so that their similarities and differences can be better understood.

CCDM

The LADM is a conceptual schema derived from CCDM. LADM is a simplification and standardization of CCDM.

Land Administration Domain Model ISO 19152 Basic Classes

Versioned Object
LAUnitAsParty 01

<FeatureType> Administrative:LA_BAUnit
+ uID: + name: CharacterString [0..1]
0*

Versioned Object

<FeatureType> Administrative:LA_RRR
01

+rrr 1*

+launit 1

Versioned Object

+party
01

+rrr
0*

<FeatureType> Party:LA_Party
+ partyID: ExtParty + type: LA_PartyType +role: LA_PartyRoleType [0..*] + name: CharacterString [0..1]

+ share: Rational [0..1] + timeSpec: Time + description: CharacterString [0..1]

0*

Versioned Object

<FeatureType> SpatialUnit:LA_SpatialUnit
+ suID: Oid + label: CharacterString [0..1] + dimension: LA_DimensionType [0..1] + area: LA_AreaValue [0..*] + volume: LA_VolumeValue [0..*] + Address: ExtAddress [0..*]

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Land Administration Domain Model ISO 19152 Basic Packages

Party

Administrative

SpatialUnit

Surveying and Representation

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Validation Scheme
ISO 19105 - Geographic Information Conformance and Testing
Specifies the framework, concepts and methodology for testing and criteria to be achieved to claim conformance to the family of ISO geographic information standards.

Abstract Test Suite (ATS)

This test suite specifies the requirements that the implementation under test has to meet in order to be conformant to an International Standard. Conformity element: conformant, not conformant, not evaluated. Conformance Levels: 1, 2, 3

User Requirements
The user requirements will become the basis if the model will fit their needs.

Methodology
The research methodology is divided into phases:
Start
Data Gathering Phase Data Selection Phase
Data Included in the model Using Criteria 1?

Yes

Model Needs Revision?

Yes

No

No

Model Formulation Phase

Data Included in the model Using Criteria 2?

End

Model Validation Phase

Yes

No

Discard
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Data Gathering Data SelectionFormulation

Validation

End

OCT Conducted in accordance with ISO 19152 Tax Declaration Criteria 1 - Selection of classes found in documents Standards Lot Descriptions based on LADM Standards Validation Method: Cadastral Map Criteria 2 - Selection of classes based on fields Filled Abstract Test Suite Lot Data Computations up in the Documents User Requirements Subdivision Plan

Results, Analysis and Discussions

Party Package

not included: LA_PartyMember

Results, Analysis and Discussions

Administrative Package

not included: LA_Mortgage

Results, Analysis and Discussions

Spatial Unit Package

not included: LA_LegalSpaceUtilityNetwork

Results, Analysis and Discussions

Surveying and Representation Subpackage

not included: LA_BoundaryFace

Results, Analysis and Discussions

The Proposed Localized Land Administration Domain Model

Results, Analysis and Discussions

Validation: Based on User Requirements 1. Basic parcel information 2. Tasks assigned 3. Data sharing and transfer

Results, Analysis and Discussions

Multiple tax declarations

Conclusion
Output model is simple.

Model met the objectives set.

Passed Conformance Level 1 of ATS Technically, model has given solutions

Recommendations
Elevation to Level 2 Compliance in ATS.

Extension of scope included in model.

Formulation of additional criteria Implementation in a platform

Resources
Cadastral Template - Philippines (Online) Available: http://www.fig.net/cadastraltemplate/countrydata/ph.htm (January 30, 2013) Dale, P.F. and McLaughlin, J.D., (1999) Land administration. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press Bennett, R., Rajabifard, A., Kalantari, M., Wallace, J. and Williamson, I.P., (2010) Cadastral Futures: Building a New Vision for the Nature and Roles of Cadasters, XXVIV FIG International Congress 2010. Sydney, Australia Lemmen, C., (2012) A Domain Model for Land Administration, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Delft, the Netherlands Stubkjaer, E., (2004) Cadastral Modeling: Grasping the Objectives, US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management Henssen, J.L.G., (1995) Basic principles of the main cadastral systems in the world. In Proceedings of the One Day Seminar held during the Annual Meeting of Commission 7, Cadastre and Rural Land Management, of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), May 16, Delft, Netherlands. Burns, T and Dalrymple, K (2006) Land Administration: Indicators of Success, Future Challenges. Land Equity International, World Bank Policy Research Report, October 2006, Australia Dealca, R. M., (2009) Initiatives to Improve Land Administration in the Philippines, 7th FIG Regional Conference, Spatial Data Serving People:
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