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Human Resources University Department of English

Core English 1.2 Quoted Speech and Reported Speech Lectured By: Hour Ratha August 20, 2010

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Sometimes we want to quote a speakers words to write a speakers exact words. Exact quotations are used in many kinds of writing, such as newspaper articles, stories and novels, and academic papers. When we quote a speakers words, we use quotation marks.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


How to write a quotation: 1. Put a comma after said Example: Jane said, 2. Put quotation marks Example: Jane said, 3. Capitalize the first word of the quotation Example: Jane said, C

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


4. Write the question. Put a final period Example: Jane said, Cats are fun to watch. 5. Put quotation marks after the period Example: Jane said, Cats are fun to watch.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


6. When there are two (or more) sentences in a quotation, put the quotation marks at the beginning and end of the whole quote. Do not put quotation marks around each sentence. Example: Mike said, Yes, I agree. Theyre graceful and playful. Do you own a cat?

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


As with a period, put the quotation marks after a question mark at the end of a quote.
Example: Incorrect: Mike said, Yes, I agree. Theyre graceful and playful. Do you own a cat?

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Quoted Speech refers to reproducing another persons exact words. Quotation marks are used.

Reported Speech refers to reproducing the idea of another persons words. Not all of the exacts words are used. Verb forms and pronouns may change. Quotation marks are not used.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Quoted Speech: Reported Speech
1. Ann said, I am hungry. 1. Ann said that she was hungry. 2. Tom said, I need my 2. Tom said that he needed pen. his pen.

Notice in the examples: The verb forms and pronouns change from quoted speech to reported speech.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Verb Form Usage in Reported Speech: Formal Sequence of Tenses
Formal: If the main verb of the sentence is in the past (e.g., said), the verb in the noun clause is usually also in the past form. Notice the verb form changes in the following examples.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech F: He said, I will work hard. F: He said (that) he would work hard. G: He said, I can work hard. G: He said (that) he could work hard. H: He said, I may work hard. H: He said (that) he might work hard. I: He said, I have to work hard. I: He said (that) he had to work hard. J: He said, I must work hard. J: He said (that) he had to work hard. K: He said, I should work hard. K: He said (that) he should work hard. L: He said, I ought to work hard. [No Change] L: He said (that) he ought to work hard. [No Change]

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Informal: Sometimes, especially in speaking, the verb in the noun clause is not changed if the speaker is reporting something immediately or soon after it was said.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Immediately Reporting: A: What did Ann just say? I didnt hear her. B: She said (that) she is hungry. Later Reporting: A: What did Ann say when she got home last night? B: She said (that) she was hungry.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


If the main clause of the sentence is in the present (e.g., says), no change is made in the verb tense or modal in the noun clause. A: He says, I work hard. A: He says, (that) he works hard. B: He says, I am working hard. B: He says (that) he is working hard. C: He says, I worked hard. C: He says (that) he worked hard. D: He says, I will work hard. D: He says (that) he will work hard.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Using say and tell Say is followed immediately by a noun clause. Tell is not followed immediately by a noun clause. Tell is followed immediately by a pronoun/noun object (e.g., me, us, John, someone) and then by a noun clause.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


A: Ann said that she was hungry.

B: Ann told me that she was hungry. C: Ann told us that she was hungry.
D: Ann told John that she was hungry. E: Ann told someone that she was hungry.

Have a15-Minute Break

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Using ask if ask not say or tell, is used to report yes / no questions. Yes / No Question Sam said to me, Are you hungry? Sam said to Jane, Are you hungry? Noun Clause Sam asked me if I was hungry . Incorrect: Sam asked me that I was hungry. Sam asked Jane if she was hungry. Incorrect: Sam asked Jane that she was hungry.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Sam asked me if I was hungry. Sam asked me whether I was hungry. The pronoun / noun object (e.g., me) may be omitted after ask. Sam asked if I was hungry.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Sam wanted to know if I was hungry. Sam wondered if I was hungry. Sam inquired whether or not I was hungry.
In addition to ask, yes/no questions can be reported by using want to know, wonder, and inquire.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Using Verb + Infinitive to Report Speech Quoted Speech Joe said, Please come to my party. Joe said, Can you come to my party. Joe said, Would you like to come to my party? Reported Speech Joe invited me to come to his party.

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Some verbs are followed immediately by a pronoun / noun object and then an infinitive phrase. A: Joe invited me to come to his party. [infinitive phrase] B: I told Ann to study harder. [infinitive phrase]

Quoted Speech and Reported Speech


Reporting Speech: Verb + pronoun/noun object + infinitive These verbs are often used to report speech. advise someone to permit someone to ask someone to remind someone to encourage someone tell someone to to warn someone to invite someone to order someone to

Some Quotes excerpted from media


Possible Alternative 1 We urge the government not to take Western aid, a Pakistani Taliban spokesman, Azam Tariq, said by telephone from an undisclosed location.

Possible Alternative 2 A Pakistani Taliban spokesman, Azam Tariq, said by telephone from an undisclosed location, We urge the

Possible Alternative 1 People living in that area are situated in Cambodian territory and have been living there long before the [Memorandum of Understanding] was signed in 2000, Foreign Ministry spokesman Koy Kuoy said.
Possible Alternative 2 Foreign Ministry spokesman Koy Kuoy said, People living in that area are situated in Cambodian territory and have been living there long before the [Memorandum of Understanding] was signed in 2000.

Possible Alternative 1 The Cambodian Independent Teachers Association president Rong Chhun said, I would like the ministry to take action on the activities of the director, who docked the teachers wages for overtime teaching.
Possible Alternative 2 I would like the ministry to take action on the activities of the director, who docked the teachers wages for overtime teaching, The Cambodian Independent Teachers Association president Rong Chhun said.

Possible Alternative 3 I would like the ministry to take action on the activities of the director, who docked the teachers wages for overtime teaching, said Rong Chhun, the president of the Cambodian Independent Teachers Association.

Possible Alternative 1 Thailand will not use force against Cambodia as alleged by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, Mr Suthep said in the statement released by the Thai governments public relations department. Possible Alternative 2 Mr Suthep said in the statement released by the Thai governments public relations department, Thailand will not use force against Cambodia as alleged by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen.

We use the bilateral way to solve the problem, [but] the bilateral way is stuck right now, Mr Hun Sen said. If there is a negotiation, I propose for an international conference on the border issue between Cambodia and Thailand [near] Preah Vihear.

Possible Alternative 1 Pavin Chachavalpongpun, lead researcher for political and strategic affairs at the Asean Studies Center in Singapore, said by e-mail, Cambodia seems to gain an upper land in the current conflict because it is rightful owner of the temple and Cambodia has been portraying itself as a victim of Thai domestic conflict, which is partly true.

Possible Alternative 2 Cambodia seems to gain an upper land in the current conflict because it is rightful owner of the temple and Cambodia has been portraying itself as a victim of Thai domestic conflict, which is partly true, Pavin Chachavalpongpun, lead researcher for political and strategic affairs at the Asean Studies Center in Singapore, said by e-mail.

There is no reason for the government to drag on with the so-called bilateral negotiations, Sam Rainsy Party lawmaker Son Chhay said. We believe that, legally, we have enough documents to get support from the international community. Now, we want to see how serious the government is in following through on this.

References
Azar, B. S. (1992) Fundamentals of English Grammar: (2nd Edition). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. pp. 364-375. Ratha, H. (2010, August 10). Group Seeks Intervention Over Overtime Docking. The Cambodia Daily, Vol. 46, Issue 28, P. 23. Reuters. (2010, August 12). Pakistani Militants Urge the Government To Reject Western Aid. The Cambodia Daily, Vol. 46, Issue 30, P. 8. Worley, M. (2010, August 12). Thailands UN Letter Rejects Cambodian Claims. The Cambodia Daily, Vol. 46, Issue 30, P. 21. Worley, M. & Bopha, B. (2010, August 10). Thailand Denies Military Solution Over Border. The Cambodia Daily, Vol. 46, Issue 28, P. 1-2.

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