FIELD FORTIFCATIONS

OBC-BB-01-26
Directorate of Common Leader Training Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473
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PELELIEU

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ACTION: DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS FIELD FORTIFICATIONS AND THEIR PURPOSE

CONDITION: GIVEN CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION AND THE FOLLOWING REFERENCES:

FM 5-103 FM 5-34 SURVIVABILITY ENGINEER FIELD DATA

STANDARDS: ACHIEVE A MINIMUM OF 70% ON THE COMMON TACTICS EXAMINATION. SAFETY: NO MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL: NONE. RISK ASSESSMENT: LOW.
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AGENDA
THE THREAT SURVIVABILITY DOCTRINE FIELD FORTIFICATIONS
INFANTRY MECHANIZED/ ARMOR COMBAT SUPPORT/SERVICE SUPPORT

PROTECTIVE OBSTACLES PLANNING

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THE THREAT

DIRECT FIRE WEAPONS INDIRECT FIRE WEAPONS WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) ENGINEER ROLE
ASSIST IN MAJOR SURVIVABILITY TASKS BEYOND UNIT CAPABILITIES
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DIRECT FIRE WEAPONS

AT-5

BALL AND TRACER AP/API HIGH EXPLOSIVE BMP-3

T-90

INDIRECT FIRE WEAPONS

MIG 21 MLRS

BLAST FRAGMENTATION SPECIAL MUNITIONS MTR SP FA

WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

BLAST THERMAL RADIATION NUCLEAR RADIATION EMP

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SURVIVABILITY OPERATIONS
THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF PROTECTIVE POSITIONS SUCH AS EARTH BERMS, DUG-IN POSITIONS, OVERHEAD

PROTECTION, AND COUNTER-SURVEILLANCE

MEANS TO REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

ENEMY WEAPONS SYSTEMS

FM 101-5-1

SURVIVABILITY DOCTRINE
1. MANEUVER UNITS HAVE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY TO DEVELOP, POSITION AND BEGIN BUILDING THEIR OWN POSITIONS.
2. THE ENGINEERS ULTIMATE ROLE IN SURVIVABILITY IS SET BY THE MANEUVER COMMANDER CONTROLLING ENGINEER RESOURCES.

3. BASED ON THESE RESOURCES, ENGINEER SUPPORT WILL SUPPLEMENT UNITS AS DETERMINED BY THE SUPPORTED COMMANDERS PRIORITIES.

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SURVIVABILITY DOCTRINE
4. ENGINEER SUPPORT WILL CONCENTRATE ON MISSIONS REQUIRING UNIQUE ENGINEER SKILLS OR EQUIPMENT.

5. SURVIVABILITY MEASURES BEGIN WITH USING ALL AVAILABLE CONCEALMENT AND NATURAL COVER, FOLLOWED BY DIGGING AND CONSTRUCTING FIGHTING AND PROTECTIVE POSITIONS. AS TIME AND THE TACTICAL SITUATION PERMIT, THESE POSITIONS ARE IMPROVED.
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D7G DOZER

DOZING, GRADING AND DITCHING NO CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION HIGHJER WORK OUTPUT THAN ACE HEAVY UNITS

M9 Armored Combat Earthmover

TWO SPEED WINCH DOZING, GRADING AND DITCHING SMOKE SCREEN CAPABILITIES CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION ROAD SPEED: 30MPH AIR TRANSPORTABLE

Small Emplacement Excavator (SEE)

LIGHTWEIGHT, ALL WHEEL DRIVE HIGH MOBILITY VEHICLE INDIVIDUAL POSITION, CSW AND CPs ROAD SPEED: 40MPH LIMITED OFF ROAD CAPABILITIES AIR TRANSPORTABLE

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TYPES OF FIELD

FORTIFICATIONS
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FIELD FORTIFICATIONS (DISMOUNTED) INFANTRY

TF REQUIREMENTS
INDIVIDUAL
RIFLEMAN LAW

CREW SERVED
DRAGON/JAVELIN TOW M60/50 CAL MG MORTAR
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COMMAND POST

INDIVIDUAL FIGHTING POSITIONS

HASTY POSITIONS DELIBERATE POSITIONS

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HASTY INDIVIDUAL FIGHTING POSITIONS

Type of Position Hasty Crater Skirmisher's trench Prone Position Deliberate 1-soldier 1-soldier with1.5 ft overhead cover 2-soldier 2-soldier with 1.5 ft overhead cover LAW position 0.2 0.5 1 3 8 6 11 3
24 or less

REF: FM 5-103 CH 4

Est. Construction Time w/hand tools (hrs)

Nuclear Weapons Fair Fair Fair Fair Good Fair Good Fair

CRATER SKIRMISHER TRENCH PRONE POSITION

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Body Length

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DELIBERATE INDIVIDUAL FIGHTING POSITIONS

PHASE I

ONE/TWO SOLDIER
WITH OHC

AT-4 (BACKBLAST)

TWO SOLDIER POSITION

PHASE II

PHASE III

WITH OVERHEAD COVER

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TWO MAN FIGHTING POSITION

2 FT 6 FT
PARAPET OR NATURAL COVER

ARMPIT DEPTH

12 3

12-18

GRENADE SUMPS
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CREW SERVED WEAPONS (CSW) FIGHTING POSITIONS

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DRAGON/JAVELIN POSITION
DRAGON Weapon length Depth=Frontal Cover Back blast Fields of Fire Bipod Legs

JAVELIN

DRAGON

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DISMOUNTED TOW POSITION

TRACKING BACK BLAST CREW PROTECTION
Dismounted TOW Position

18 IN

24 IN 5 FT 24 IN 5 FT

OHC EA SIDE

HMMWV TOW

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TOW:
Danger-150 ft Caution-250 ft

BACKBLAST

AT-4:
Danger-50 ft Caution-135 ft

DRAGON:
Danger-100 ft Caution-170 ft
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MACHINE GUN
MG Arcs Crew Ammo bearer OHC

M60 Machine Gun Fighting Position without overhead cover.

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MORTAR

Mortar Position

Ref: FM 5-103 Ch 4
Type of Position Dragon Dismounted TOW 90 mm RCLR Machine Gun Mortar Position Est. Construction Time w/hand tools (hrs) 4.0 11.0 6.0 7.0 14.0 Nuclear Weapons Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair 26

120 MM

MORTAR
HASTY POSITION

81 MM

3FT

3FT

6-8 FT

IMPROVED POSITION

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TRENCHES

Crawl Trench - 2 to 2 1/2 ft deep, narrow - Zigzagged - Spoil

Standard Fighting Trench - 5 1/2 ft deep - Fighting pos. both sides - Zigzagged or Octagonal - Overhead cover
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OVERHEAD COVER (OHC)

OVERHEAD BURST CONTACT BURST

DELAY FUZE FM 5-103, PG 4-8

Shielding min 1.5 ft soil Shielding support Cover Structure Waterproofing Camouflage
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OVERHEAD COVER
Waterproofing Soil/Sandbags/Rock Plywood Stringers

Cut

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PRIMARY POSITIONS ALTERNATE POSITIONS SUPPLEMENTARY POSITIONS

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PRIMARY POSITIONS

Primary - This is the position that the maneuver commander gives a platoon to defend and assigns a sector of fire. Sectors should overlap and contribute to the accomplishment of the companys task and purpose.
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ALTERNATE POSITIONS

Alternate - The maneuver commander may assign alternate positions to platoons. These may be to the flank, rear or front of the primary position, but will cover the same sector of fire. Purpose may to be a fall back position or a position to occupy prior to the fight to deceive the enemy.

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SUPPLEMENTARY POSITIONS
Supplementary - The maneuver commander may also assign supplementary positions. This is a position to the flank or rear, that has a different sector of fire. It can be assigned when the platoon must cover two different avenues of approach.

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SPECIAL FORTIFICATIONS

BUNKER SRONGPOINT MAGINOT LINE

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TUNNEL COMPLEX

TUNNEL COMPLEX LIBYAN TARUNAH CHEMICAL WARFARE 36

SPECIAL DESIGN

Perimeter Fighting Position

STATIC COMPLEX BASE CLUSTER 37 360 DEGREES CAPABILITIES

SPECIAL DESIGNS

Plywood Watch Tower

STATIC COMPLEX BASE CAMPS MAXIMIZE OBSERVATION 38

SPECIAL DESIGNS

CONEX Bunker

PROTECTION SHELTER COMMAND POST AID STATION COMMUNICATIONS 39

METAL PIPE ARCH SHELTER

PROTECTION SHELTER PERSONNEL SUPPLIES EASY CONSTRUCTION

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HESCO BASTION CONCERTAINER DEFENSE WALL

FOLDED LIGHTWEIGHT UNITS UP TO 100 FEET (EA) 3 PERSONNEL

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MECHANIZED/ARMOR
FIGHTING POSITIONS HASTY (APC AND CBT SP) DELIBERATE HULL DEFILADE (HDP) TURRET DEFILADE (TDP)

HASTY Max use of natural terrain Frontal parapet Not recommended for M1/M2/TOW

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DELIBERATE POSITIONS (HDP/TDP)

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DELIBERATE POSITIONS CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

FM 5-103, PG 4-14

1. Construct Hull Defilade Position (Engineer) 2. Construct concealed access ramp or route (natural terrain) 3. Construct hide location (natural terrain) 4. Construct Turret Defilade Position (Engineer)

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DELIBERATE VEHICLE FIGHTING POSITION

Hull Defilade

Turret Defilade Hide Location Access Ramps

MODIFIED TDP

MINE TAPE CHEM LITES

COMBAT SUPPORT/SERVICE SUPPORT

VEHICLE PROTECTIVE POSITIONS
Deep-cut Position

Parapet position for FA/ADA

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FIELD ARTILLERY VEHICLE POSITIONS

Communication Trenches
TOC

TOC FDC FDC

4 Gun Battery

5 Gun Battery
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REAR AREA SUPPORT

Earth walls

Earth walls with revetment

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PROTECTIVE OBSTACLES

X X X X X X

X X X

TYPES WIRE OBSTACLES PROTECTIVE MINEFIELDS POINT MINEFIELDS DUMMY POSITIONS

BANDS HY WEAPON (301-500M) LIGHT WPN (31-300 M) PERIMETER (0-30M) INTERNAL 50

PLANNING PRIORITIES
EXPOSURE TO FIRES VULNERABILITY TO DISCOVERY

CAPABILITY TO MOVE
TO AVOID DETECTION SUITABLE COVER DISTANCE FROM THE FLOT

CONTRIBUTION TO MSN

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FM 5-103, PG 2-6

COMMANDERS GUIDANCE ALWAYS TAKES PRECEDENCE

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STRONG POINT

FM101-5-1

A POSITION REQUIRING EXTENSIVE ENGINEER EFFORT FOR OBSTACLES AND SURVIVABILITY POSITIONS AND POSITIONED TO CONTROL OR BLOCK AN AVENUE OF APPROACH. NORMALLY, COMMAND AND CONTROL, AID STATIONS AND CRITICAL SUPPLY STOCKPILES WILL BE DUG IN WITH OVERHEAD PROTECTION. TRENCHES AND OTHER PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION WILL BE DONE TO PROTECT SOLDIERS AND WEAPONS FROM DAMAGE DURING ASSAULT FROM MOUNTED AND DISMOUNTED FORCES 53

SUMMARY
THE THREAT SURVIVABILITY DOCTRINE FIELD FORTIFICATIONS
INFANTRY MECHANIZED/ ARMOR COMBAT SUPORT/SERVICE SUPPORT

PROTECTIVE OBSTACLES PLANNING

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WILLIAM R. YOUNG CPT, EN INSTRUCTOR

DCLT Ft. Leonard Wood, MO 65473 Work Phone: (573) 563-5577

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VEHICLE FIGHTING POSITIONS

NTC TRAINING VIDEO
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