If, as Montaigne,'' to judge things great and noble, it is necessary to possess a soul as great and noble'', to judge a scientific

article written by a colleague is necessary to have further knowledge, experience, impartiality , confidentiality, diligence, a certain amount of education and another no less essential for fellowship (*). (*) F. Antoja Rib. Revisores. Revista del laboratorio clnico. 2009; 2: 63.

MBE WHAT IS CRITICAL ANALYSIS? IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL READING INTRODUCTION TITLE AUTHORS SUMMARY BIAS

"If a man begins with certainty may end with doubts, but if you begin with doubts, may end with certainty." - Sir Francis Bacon.

EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE

0 According to David Sackett:

0 "It is the integration of the best scientific research

evidence with values ...."

clinical

experience

and

patient

0 Evidence-based medicine is the process of learning, continuous, in which patient care leads to search, critical appreciation and incorporation into practice of valid information generated by scientific research on diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention.

Utility of Evidence Based Medicine

Clinical findings. Etiology. Diagnosis. Differential diagnosis. Forecast. Treatment. Prevention.

Critical readingbased medicine and helps solve:

Identifying of concerns or questions of health practice.

In everyday practice of health professionals have many doubts. Due to the multitude of questions that warrant science students and health professionals register doubts and prioritize as a tool to identify learning needs and improve their skills.

Types of concerns
0 Basic Questions or preparation (basic): relating

to the general knowledge of a condition or disorder. These types of questions can be answered using information sources general texts (reference books, non-systematic review articles). 0 Action or clinical questions: are questions about specific knowledge of patient management. They are, therefore, patient-oriented questions that have direct impact on decisions about diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prevention. They must resort to studies published in scientific journals.

Evaluation criteria questions or concerns

0 An easy way to prioritize a doubt is to use the

opinion of other colleagues in order to obtain a less subjective and biased view of the topic. A more sophisticated form is using the following criteria:

The urgency of resolving it. The importance. The effort required to solve it. The feasibility of finding an answer.

Prioritization of questions or concerns

To prioritize the level of urgency of solving the problem, based on the application of criteria, the questions are classified using the classification presented in Table 2 X 2.

a) Very urgent and important c) Shortly urgent and very important

b) Very urgent and unimportant d) May be left unresolved.

The questions with the qualification a) Very urgent and important, must be solved immediately. The rated b) Very urgent and unimportant can be solved a little later the same day they are identified. The rated c) Shortly urgent and very important can be solved when you have time (evening or weekend) and d) may be left unresolved.

Clinical question formulation

Transforming doubts clinical questions, is the first stage of the Evidence-Based Medicine.
0 Components of clinical question:

A well-structured clinical question contains four elements that must be well defined. These elements can be summarized in the acronym PICOT, wherein the fifth element is optional.

P: Problem and patient interest. What type of patient or population? What disease or condition of interest?.

I: Intervention (or exposure in the etiology questions or prognostic factors) that I'm considering as an option to apply to me or my patients. C: Comparison: alternative intervention or (only if applicable), in the event of any intervention or alternative approach to the same problem.
O: Objective or results that I want to consider to assess its impact. Indicator with which you want to measure the impact of an intervention or the validity of a test. What do we expect to happen to the patient? T: Time in which assessed the impact of the intervention.

Consequently, a good clinician must use scientific evidence and clinical skill and judgment Finally it is worth remembering the comments Sackett et al. on evidence-based medicine, "the good doctors use both individual clinical suitability as the best existing external evidence, and neither alone is sufficient. Without suitability clinical practice at risk of being tyrannized by evidence."

Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMM, Gray lAM, Haynes RB, Richhardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMl 1996; 31:71-2

What is critical analysis?

0 Is use of the scientific method (systematic analysis) to

assess and interpret evidence, taking into account the validity of the results and the relevance of the scientific literature and their own work. This assessment involves the systematic assessment of the quality and scientific validity of a research report and the decisions about the applicability of the findings to solving a particular problem of public health, clinical practice or research.

0 Currently exists in the world accelerated growth of

biomedical and epidemiological literature and with the discovery and subsequent popularization of the Internet, there is greater access to scientific literature. For this reason, it is difficult to keep informed, given the enormous amount of very variable quality material.

In fact an article doesnt guarantee that the research is sound and scientifically valid, due to several factors such as: 0 the author's name and the prestige of the journal course is no guarantee of quality and scientific, 0 standard of research of many publications are not the best from the point of view of design, data analysis, and the structure of the writing, 0 for the quality of the referees or reviewers of research and in some cases the absence of these.

0 TITLE

The title should be indicative of the subject studied precisely identifying the subject of the study. It should be clear: do not use ambiguous terms, jargon, abbreviations or acronyms, misspelled words, should be concise, not too large nor too short, with excess prepositions or articles and subtitles unnecessary and should have a proper syntax.
0 AUTHORS

They may be single or multiple authorship. Do not include too many authors and should not be used initials instead of full names

0 SUMMARY

The basic information condensed summary of the study and be understood without recourse to the body of the article. It should include accurate, succinct and essential to assessing study quality surface and decide whether or not the article read. The abstract should be written in past tense and should be intelligible, complete, accurate clear, concise and brief (in every sentence must have valuable information). There must have: jargon, abbreviations or numerical results too, or references, tables or graphics, nor should include information that does not appear in the text. Finally it should be written in third person (impersonal).

TITLE
Features title 0 Heading the article. 0 Identify accurately the main topic of the article. 0 Simple structure: Attractive, indicative of the problem investigated. 15 words written in affirmative tone. Article content descriptors. 0 Information about ... Subjects (groups) that are studied. Characteristics of the subjects under study. Area where the research was conducted. 0 Single paragraph no scores, clear, concise and precise about the contents of the article.

Defects in drafting the title 0 Incomplete, cryptic or enigmatic. 0 Long redundant and confusing information. 0 Matches (title / subtitle). 0 Use of acronyms, abbreviations or trade names of drugs or technology. 0 Gimmicky, with conclusions. 0 Employment popular nonscientific language (jargon). 0 Terminology unusual or only have use in a restricted area.

Guidelines for assessing the title Score It is clearly indicative of the content of the study (research problem, and endpoints). It is clear, easy to understand. Concise ( 15 words). Identify keywords (descriptors) study. Use full words (no abbreviations used and acronyms). Use affirmative tone. It is grammatically correct (no match). Usa lenguaje sencillo (no usa jerga). Use clear and direct, without using terms gimmicky. Use key words (not used sobrexplicacin).

Yes 2

Doubtfu No l 1 0 If all or most of the questions in the checklist are the answer Yes, the study is considered high quality. You can obtain a satisfactory percentage of questions, if the score is higher than 80% is considered a good quality article.

AUTHORS
0 The author's name and the prestige of the journal

isnt guarantee of quality and scientific, 0 Authors can be single or multiple authorship. Do not include too many authors and should not be used initials instead of full names 0 If it's an article multidisciplinary research team should be composed of specialists from different areas of knowledge whose contribution to the research topic is of crucial importance. 0 Authorship is justified and responsible. The criteria for authorship should be correct. 0 Lead authors should have extensive experience in the research topic.

Guidelines for Authors evaluate

Score Authorship is adequate in number. The relative complexity of the item / number of authors is consistent. If it's an article multidisciplinary research team includes specialists in various fields of knowledge whose contribution to the research topic is of crucial importance. Authorship is justified and responsible. Authorship criteria seems to be correct. Lead authors have extensive experience in the research topic.

Yes
2

Doubtfu No l
1 0 If all or most of the questions in the checklist are the answer Yes, the study is considered high quality. You can obtain a satisfactory percentage of questions, if the score is higher than 80% is considered a good quality article.

No redundancy article.

SUMMARY
0 The summary represents the basic information

of the study and be understood without recourse to the body of the article. 0 It should include accurate information essential to assessing study quality surface and decide if you read the article. 0 The abstract should be written in past tense and should be complete, accurate, clear, concise and brief 0 Do not must have: too many abbreviations or numeric results or bibliographic references charts or graphics, nor should include information that does not appear in the text.

Characteristics of summary
0 Definition: Must have a shorthand expression

with accurate and essential terms of ideas, so there must be more important concepts of the article. 0 Should indicate that the article is independent, autonomous and self-explanatory. 0 The purpose of the summary is to identify the contents of the document quickly and accurately. 0 Length: 150-250 words. 0 Style: Clear, accurate, concise, simple and impersonal.

Summary structure
0 The summary should include the following points

1. Main objectives of the study. 2. Methodology. Design or type of study. Context: place, time, area. participating subjects or patients. Interventions (independent or predictor variable introduced by the investigator, and outcome or dependent variable). Type planned statistical analysis. 3. Results or main findings with precise numerical values. 4. Main conclusions of the study.

0 The extent depends on the type of summary and

0 0

0
0

instructions for each journal. There are two types of summary descriptive and informative: The descriptive summary gives a general idea of the study, usually only indicates the purpose or objective and should have 50 to 100 words. Not recommended to this type of summary scientific articles. The briefing paper tries to replace the structured, with all sections of an article. Such a summary can be of two subtypes: Classic with an area of 150 to 200 words and is similar to a mini-article. Structured, from 250 to 300 words, it differs from the previous sections consist (points) varies depending on the type of journal and article.

Guidelines for Evaluating the summary

Yes

Doubtful No

Score
Identifies the basic content quickly and accurately. It is clear, easy to understand.

0
If all or most of the questions in the checklist are the answer Yes, the study is considered high quality. You can obtain a satisfactory percentage of questions, if the score is higher than 80% is considered a good quality article.

Describe clearly: The objective / hypothesis in the first paragraph. Design / methodology in the second paragraph. The main results in the third paragraph. The conclusions in the fourth paragraph.
Concise (250 words).

Presents results with numerical values (rates, percentages, ratios).

Use full words (no abbreviations used and acronyms). It is self-sufficient, self-explanatory.

BIAS
They appear when an error is introduced in the design of work. 0 Information bias: A systematic error in the measurement of the variable. All variables (predictor and outcome) should be measured in the same way in all study participants. 0 Selection bias: A systematic error in the process of selecting individuals who limit comparison groups. Inclusion and exclusion in the sample. 0 Biases of confusion: It is an error due to the presence of other variables (predictors) with influence on the dependent variable (outcome) that have not been studied and / or adequately controlled.

Dependent variable
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Independent variable

QUALITATIVE

Coefficients of association (%) (Coeficientes de producto

cruzado: Riesgo Relativo, Razn de Productos Cruzados, Diferencia de Riesgo.

Diferencias de medias.

QUANTITATIVE

Regresin logstica

Regresin, correlacin.