10.

16 weathersattelites

850 km

36000 km

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Polar satellite height 700 1000 km (Average 850 km*)

great sharpness (resolution < 5km) circles over poles (in 1 hr 42 min. around earth) 4 times a day over same area

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Polar satellites make an image of a path over the surface from S-N or from N-S.

Next path shifts to the west because of earth rotation.

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2 februari 2006 10.30 utc

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Geostationair satellite height 36.000 km* less sharp; circles in 24 hours stationairy to earth => each 15 minutes picture from same area Stays above SAME point

far N and S bad coverage

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Infrared / visible

Infrared measures temperature of top of cloud or, if no clouds are present, temperature of surface of the earth
advantage : day and night information disadvantage : fog or low clouds not or hardly visible due to more or less the same temperature top

of clouds and surface

Visible advantage : disadvantage :

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all is visible
only at daytime
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IR

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VIS

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With T of clouds and SFC by computer coloured image

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13 augustus 2005 06.45 17.45 utc

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GOES-10

GOES-12

Met-7

Met-5

GOES-09

CompositeIR Channel 18 jan 2005 15 utc

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Eerste speciale WEERsatelliet !!! werkte 78 dagen Meteo op zn kop*

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WX RADAR Radar: Radio Detection And Ranging to locate precipitation calculate its motion estimate its type (rain, snow, hail, etc..) estimate its intensity used to nowcast* precipetation

High Resolution Doppler radar: to detect the motion of rain drops and by motion calculate windshear !!!
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Radar film Memphis

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Flight documentation:

1) SWC Significant Weather Chart

2) Upper Wind and Temperature Chart

Mostly chosen FL + nearby levels

3X*

3) Tafs and Metars (for Destination, Alternates, and Enroute stations) + Sigmets

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SWC: Significant Weather Chart Significant: Potentially hazardous, bringing safety problems or otherwise making a flight difficult. SWCs are forecasts !!! The WX and symbols are forecasted AT THE VALIDITY TIME of the SWC and are used 3 hrs before and 3 hrs after that time!

1) Low Level SWC 2) Medium Level SWC 3) High level SWC

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DE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART ( SWC ) (1) De door ons meest gebruikte SWC is een fixed time prognosis geldig tussen FL100 en FL450

Daarin worden de volgende items weergegeven : Actieve onweders Tropische cyclonen Severe line squalls Matige of zware turbulentie in wolken Matige tot zware ijsafzetting Hagel Uitgestrekte gebieden met zand-of stofstormen (wordt vervolgd)
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DE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART ( SWC ) (2) Daarin worden de volgende items weergegeven (vervolg) Bewolkingsgebieden met hoeveelheden en basis- en tophoogtes die bij de verschijnselen A t/m G behoren CAT-gebieden met zwaarte en hoogtes CB's met basis- en tophoogtes Posities aan het aardoppervlak van fronten en duidelijke convergentie-zones, eventueel met hun verplaatsingssnelheid Ze mogen alleen ingetekend worden als ze gepaard gaan met significante weersverschijnselen Het 00 C-niveau Posities, hoogtes, windsnelheden en -richtingen van straalstroomkernen Tropopause hoogtes
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sect.10 TB

k e n n e n

21

Ook kennen!

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LOW LEVEL SWC (SFC-10.000 ft) From LFBD to EHAM FL070 1) Mod ice/ mod turb 2) Mod ice/ ??? 3) ??

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LOW LEVEL SWC (SFC-10.000 ft) MET LEGENDA

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ANDERE UITVOERING VAN DE LOW LEVEL SWC

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Frankfurt Low Level SWC iets moderner

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MEDIUM LEVEL SWC (FL100 - FL250)

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SYMBOLEN OP DE SWC
TEKEN WEERBEELD THUNDERSTORMS TROPICAL CYCLONE SEVERE SQUALL LINE MODERATE TURBULENCE SEVERE TURBULENCE MOUNTAIN WAVES SLIGHT AIRCRAFT ICING MODERATE AIRCRAFT ICING SEVERE AIRCRAFT ICING WIDESPREAD FOG HAIL COLDFRONT AT THE SFC OCCLUDED FRONT AT SFC CONVERGENCE ZONE
H 460

KENNEN
WEERBEELD DRIZZLE RAIN SNOW SHOWER WIDESPREAD BLOWING SNOW SEVERE SAND- OR DUSTHAZE WIDESPREAD SAND- OR DUSTSTORM WIDESPREAD HAZE WIDESPREAD MIST WIDESPREAD SMOKE FREEZING PRECIPITATION WARMFRONT AT THE SURFACE QUASI STATIONARY FRONT AT SFC ITCZ
270 L

TEKEN

TROPOPAUSE HIGH TROPOPAUSE LEVEL

TROPOPAUSE LOW FREEZING LEVEL POSITION, SPEED AND LEVEL OF MAX. WIND VOLCANIC ERUPTION

360

0: 100

Hoogtescheidingsteken

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GECOMBINEERDE MEDIUM-HIGH LEVEL SWC (FL100-FL450)

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LEGENDA MEDIUM-HIGH LEVEL SWC Runtime model

Flight Levels covered

Validity time

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MEDIUM-HIGH LEVEL SWC VOOR EUR-AZIE

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Upper Wind and Temperature Chart

Fixed time prognoses van de standaard-drukvlakken waarin de windvaantjes en temperaturen zijn geplot

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Upper Wind and Temperature Chart Flying non standard levels: 1) Wind, Interpolate between levels 2) Temp, Interpolate between levels: 2C / 1000 ft !!!!!! (ISA) MIND THE TROPOPAUSE.!!!!!* Above the Trop the T change is 0

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UPPERWIND-TEMPERATURE CHART FOR FL300

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LEGENDA VAN EEN UPPERWIND-TEMPERATURE CHART

Level

Validity

Run time model

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UW-T CHART VAN FL300 VOOR EUR-AZIE

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UW-T CHART VOOR DE ATLANTISCHE OCEAAN NAT kaarten (North Atlantic Tracks)

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Volgende dia
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From Lisbon to Reykjavik via Cork EICK-BIRK on FL110 Light/mod turb and ice

And: mod/sev ice/turb hail in CB

LPPT-EICK on FL300 Light/mod CAT (Gulf of Biscay)

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Volgende dia

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Wind and Temp on FL240? EICK-BIRK 17025kt Temp ca.-46

LPPT-EICK ca. 27065kt Temp 25 to -41

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Aalborg- Bodo
FL150 Light mod ice in cld

Mod sev turb and ice in CB

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