Invertebrates

Diversity of Animals Porifera Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes
Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata

A. Origin of Animals 1. Animals are believed to have evolved from colonial protozoans called choanoflagellates

B. Characteristics 1. Eukaryotic 2. Multicellular 3. Heterotrophic

4. Lack Cell Walls

5. Diploid

C. Classification 1. Sponges (Porifera) 2. Stinging Celled (Cnidaria)

3. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
4. Roundworms (Nematoda) 5. Soft Bodied (Mollusca) 6. Segmented Worms (Annelida) 7. Jointed Leg (Arthropoda) 8. Spiny Skin (Echinodermata) 9. Vertebrates (Chordata)

A. Porifera Diversity 1. There are 9,000 known species of sponges B. Characteristics 1. Resemble a porous tube with many incurrent opennings (ostia) one excurrent opening (osculum) 2. Lack true tissue 3. Body consists of two layers of cells a. outer: protection b. inner: collar cells c. between: amoebocytes in jelly-like material

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of porifera

D. Habitat 1. Adults are sessile- anchored to the ocean floor 2. Feed on filtered particles (bacteria) 3. Larvae swim with flagella

a. outer: protection b. inner: collar cells c. between: amoebocytes in jelly-like material

B. Characteristics 1. Resemble a tube with one opening 2. Lack true tissue 3. Body consists of two layers of cells

a. calcarea- calcium carbonate spicules b. demospongia- spongin fibers c. hexactinellida- calcium carbonate & silica spicules

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of porifera

Cnidaria A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 9,000 known species of stinging celled animals (formerly coelenterata)

B. Characteristics 1. True tissues 2. Radial symmetry

3. Use tentacles with stinging cells to capture prey

4. Food is digested in a gastrovascular cavity 5. Nerve net allows for sensing 6. Polyp anchored* 7. Medusa free-swimming**

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of cnidarians a. hydrozoa- hydra b. scyphozoans- jellyfish c. anthozoans- sea anemones 2. Phylum Ctenophora

a. comb jellies (colloblasts)

D. Habitat 1. Most are slow moving or sessile 2. Found in tropical and temperate waters a. shallow ocean floors b. bottoms of ponds c. drifting in water currents 3. Feed on small fish/plankton.

B. Characteristics 1. True tissues 2. Radial symmetry

3. Use tentacles with stinging cells to capture prey

Platyhelminthes A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 20,000 known species of flatworms

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers 2. Bilateral symmetry

3. Food is digested in a gastrovascular cavity

4. Moves using cilia on ventral side a. muscles allow twisting and turning 5. Centralized nervous system a. eye spots detect light

b. side flaps used for smell

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

a. endoderm (digestive) b. mesoderm (muscle) c. ectoderm (skin)

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

a. anterior (head) b. posterior (tail) c. dorsal (back)

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

d. ventral (belly)

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of platyhelminthes a. turbellaria- planarians b. trematoda- flukes c. cestoidea- tapeworms

D. Habitat 1. 2. Freshwater and Marine Some are parasitic

Nematoda A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 15,000 known species of roundworms

B. Characteristics 1. 2. Pseudocoelom false body cavity Complete digestive system

C. Classification 1. There are 2 classes of nematoda a. Secernentea- ascaris, Guinea worm, heartworm, hookworm, lungworm, pinworm b. Adenophorea- trichinella, whipworm

D. Habitat 1. 2. 3. Aquatic Freshwater and marine Terrestrial soil and around plant roots Internal Parasites

Mollusca A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 150,000 known species of soft bodied animals

B. Characteristics 1. 2. Open circulatory system Muscular Foot - locomotion

3.
4.

Radula scrapes food

Mantle secretes shell

C. Classification 1. 2. 3. Gastropod snails and slugs Bivalve clams, oysters, mussels, scallops Cephalopods squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus

D. Habitat 1. 2. Aquatic freshwater and marine Few are terrestrial

Annelida A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 15,000 known species of segmented worms

B. Characteristics 1. True Coelom a. Pharynx, Esophagus, Crop, Gizzard, Intestines 2. Closed circulatory system a. 5 aortic arches b. ventral artery

c. dorsal vein
3. Bristle-like setae (8 per segment) 4. Ventral nerve cord 5. Nephridia excrete waste (2 per segment)

C. Classification 1. 2. Polychaeta Bristleworms Oligochaeta - Earthworm

3.

Hirudinea - Leeches

D. Habitat 1. 2. Aquatic mostly marine Terrestrial

3.

External parasites

Arthropoda A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 1,000,000 known species of jointed leg animals

B. Characteristics 1. 2. Jointed Legs Exoskeleton made of chitin

3.
4.

Segmented body
Open circulatory system_

C. Classification 1. Arthropods are classified into 4 classes a. crustaceans b. arachnids c. insects d. myriapods

2. Crustaceans include decapods (lobsters, crayfish, crabs, & shrimp), Isopods, Copepods and Barnacles

3. Arachnids include spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions

Echinodermata A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 7,000 known species of spiny skinned animals

B. Characteristics 1. 2. 3. 4. Water vascular system Tube feet used for feeding and locomotion Appear to have radial symmetry as adults Deuterostome

C. Classification 1. 2. Sea Stars Brittle Stars

3.
4. 5.

Sea Cucumbers
Sand Dollars Sea Urchin

D. Habitat 1. Marine

Brittle Star

Sea Star

Sea Cucumber

Sea Cucumber

Sea Cucumber

Sand Dollar

Sea Urchin

Sea Urchin

Sea Basket

Chordata A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification

D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1.